Abstract

Background: Scaling and root planing (SRP) is an established and efficient procedure for treating periodontitis-associated compromised root surfaces. SRP raises challenges, such as forming a smear layer, increasing surface roughness, and potentially destroying the cementum layer, which can profoundly impact the behavior and attachment of fibroblast cells. In conjunction with SRP, various chemical agents have been employed as adjuncts to achieve an optimized surface structure conducive to fibroblast cell attachment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SRP on healthy root surfaces with and without the addition of different adjunct root-conditioning materials, and to evaluate the varying impact on fibroblast adhesion. 
Methods: A total of 60 single-root teeth were collected from individuals who exhibited no signs of periodontitis. The preparation process of these teeth yielded 120 root samples in total. Soft tissue samples were procured from patients undergoing a crown-lengthening procedure. These samples served as the source for fibroblast extraction. The root samples were systematically divided into two primary groups, SRP and non-SRP, and were further categorized based on the duration of chemical root surface applications. The chemical applications included hyaluronic acid (HA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), enamel matrix derivatives (EMD), and a combination of EDTA and EMD. Following the division and treatment, the root samples and extracted fibroblasts were cultured for a period of 72 hours. The adhesion efficacy of the fibroblast cells was evaluated through a cell viability assessment. 
Results: The comparative analysis demonstrated an increase in cell viability in the group without SRP compared to the group with SRP. This increase was significant across all groups that underwent different chemical material applications, for both short and long durations. However, when data from short and long chemical surface treatments were compared, no statistically significant differences were observed among the treatment groups. This was the case regardless of whether the comparison was made within the non-SRP or SRP groups independently. 
Conclusion: SRP significantly influenced the effectiveness of surface conditioning agents. The combination of SRP with root-conditioning materials resulted in a significant reduction in fibroblast attachment compared to using the root-conditioning materials alone.

Keywords

Scaling and root planing, Hyaluronic Acid, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Enamel Matrix Derivatives, Fibroblast attachment.

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