L. Ameena, H. Assaggafa*, R. Alsafia, F. Minshawia, S. Alghamdia, A. Alharbib, F. Qashqaric, H. Makhdoomd, B. Refaata, B. Alsaife, A. Aslama
a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
b Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
b Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
c Microbiology Department, Medicine College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
d Applied medical sciences college, Laboratory technology department, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah Saudi Arabia
e Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Volume: 8 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 18-23 | June 2022 | https://doi.org/10.54940/ms70980289 | PDF
Received: 28 August 2021 | Accepted: 26 January 2022 | Online: 1 June 2022
Volume: 8 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 18-23 | June 2022 | https://doi.org/10.54940/ms70980289 | PDF
Received: 28 August 2021 | Accepted: 26 January 2022 | Online: 1 June 2022
Abstract
Background and aims: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is associated with variable clinical symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations that lead to increased mortality. Some of these abnormalities are linked to hematologic, inflammatory, biochemical and immune biomarkers, in cases with severe forms of the illness compared to mild systemic disease. However, such associations have not been studied in detail in Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted to evaluate these clinical indices in a Saudi population admitted to hospital in Makkah during 2020 with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19, as possible risk factors for COVID-19 related fatality.
Materials and methods: Demographic and biochemical data related to type of admission, hematological indices, liver and renal functions, markers of inflammation and blood gases were collected at the time of patient admission. The variables were then compared between both groups to determine potential risk factors that contribute to COVID-19 fatality.
Results: A total of 315 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection by PCR and complete final status (recovered or dead) were identified and included in the study. By additional analysis, mean age was significantly higher in deceased patients compared with those who recovered from infection. Moreover, death from COVID-19 infection was significantly more common in patients admitted to ICU compared with ward admission. Patients admitted to ICU had a substantially greater risk of dying from COVID-19 infection (46-fold) compared with ward admission. Contrariwise, higher mean O2sat was associated with significantly lower odds of death.
Conclusions: Males and non-Saudi residents were more susceptible to acquiring infection during the first wave of COVID-19. Although liver and renal biochemical parameters, haematological indices, and respiratory functions were significantly altered with COVID-19 infection and more pronounced in deceased patients, only ICU admission and low O2 pressure showed higher risks of death from the infection.
Keywords:
COVID-19, Saudi and Non-Saudi residents, Severity of illness, fatality.
How to Cite:
Ameen, L., Assaggaf, H., Alsafi, R., Minshawi, F., Alghamdi, S., Alharbi, A., Qashqari, F., Makhdoom, H., Refaat, B., Alsaif, B., & Aslam, A. (June 2022). Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patient Severity Amongst Saudi Hospital Admission in 2020. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences, 8(1), 18–23.