The participants at the conclusion of the 16^th forum for Hajj and Umrah Research, which was organized by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques' Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research at Umm Al-Qura University on 17-18/8/1437 AH, stressed the importance of benefiting from the experiences of the authorities concerned with the affairs of Hajj and Umrah, the employment of modern technologies and different mass media to inform and educate the pilgrims in their countries and highlighting the efforts of Saudi Arabia and its constant quest to provide all capabilities to serve the pilgrims and visitors, and harness human, technological and mechanical energies.

The participants in the forum discussed in their fourth scientific session the "Education and Mass Media" which was the title of the session. This session was headed by Dr. Abdul Aziz Srouji, the Vice-dean of Umm Al-Qura University for Academic Affairs, which was initiated by a worksheet presented by Dr. Somia bint Ezzat Sharaf Al Sharaf from the College of Education about "the effectiveness of a mentoring program to develop the social communication among a sample of female guides of pilgrims in Mecca". The researcher discussed the importance of rehabilitation and development of skills associated with the role of Saudi women in the career of "Tawafa" according to the controls of Sharia'a. The researcher announced through this study about the effectiveness of a collective mentoring program for female guides of pilgrims based in its entirety to train them on proper social communication with pilgrims. The study results showed a positive efficacy of the mentoring program applied to the experimental group of female guides of pilgrims. These outcomes support the need to train human cadres working in the service of pilgrims to meet the need of work and empowerment and rehabilitation of female service providers in institutions to participate in awareness and social services related to guidelines and rituals.

Through the second worksheet, Dr. Azza Jalal Hussein discussed (the role of social networking sites in the formation of the mental image of university youth towards the institutions concerned with the Hajj). She discussed through this worksheet how to make university youth aware of the institutions concerned with Hajj, the services provided by these institutions and the impact of the diversity of services provided by the institutions concerned with Hajj. It included also proposals to improve the pages of the institutions concerned with Hajj on social networking sites.

Colonel Abdullah bin Saeed Al Qahtani, the Head of the Research Department at the Directorate General of Civil Defense, presented a worksheet about (media efforts of the civil defense system and its contribution to the promotion of preventive awareness). Through this worksheet, he aimed at knowing the awareness sources and means that contribute to the promotion of preventive awareness of the pilgrims and how those means and sources contribute to the enhancement of preventive awareness they have. He also seeks to identify the best awareness tools from the perspective of the respondents, show the media and awareness efforts exerted by the civil defense system, identify some statistical differences of the respondents and conduct a study on a group of pilgrims speaking different languages. The study that the majority of those respondents prefer to raise awareness in their countries (before coming) and that the level of preventive education implemented by the Directorate General of Civil Defense is "Good". Those respondents saw that it is important to make integration between mass media. The study recommended the need to prepare a strategic awareness plan guided to pilgrims in their countries along with the balance in the use of all media and establish display electronic panels of suitable size for preventive awareness in a number of locations such as squares surrounding the Holy mosque, buildings facades, residential towers, "Jamarat" area and the squares surrounding it. In addition, a typical awareness plan should be developed and applied to the means of air and sea transport, take advantage of the website of the Ministry of Hajj in the field of preventive education, take advantage of the expertise of Directorate General of Civil Defense in using social media, consolidate the principle that security and safety is everyone's responsibility and produce an awareness mentoring film in several languages with the participation of all stakeholders.

Dr. Islam Herzallah from the King Abdullah Medical City presented a worksheet on (the awareness of pilgrims about Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) during the Hajj season in (1436 AH – 2015 AD). the study aimed at assessing the awareness of pilgrims about the infection with Corona and identifying the key aspects of the development of educational plans to pilgrims in the future. The study concluded with showing how important is the need to educate pilgrims about this virus and that the lack of the correct information and awareness about the disease among pilgrims lead to the need for effective awareness programs to the pilgrims and to improve the teaching methods regarding Corona virus. This is along with other health problems associated with Hajj season.

The session was concluded with a worksheet by Dr. Thoraya bint Abdul Jalil Al-Absi about (the development of an electronic medical interpreter during Hajj season). The researcher talked about the design by two female researchers to an electronic application that allows medical communication. The application contains images for the most common symptoms and diseases to facilitate communication among the patient pilgrims and medical the staff. It also contains sounds for the most common languages among the pilgrims. She also added that the application focused on facilitating the communication between doctors and nurses using the images directory and provided a program of visual mobile applications supported by sounds to facilitate, accelerate and evaluate communication using the rubric for a sample of (50) doctors and nurses who work in emergency rooms (ER) at the hospitals in Mecca and Medina. She stressed that the results of those applications have shown their effectiveness and applicability to communicate with the pilgrims who cannot easily speak Arabic or English and help raise the quality of medical care provided to pilgrims and visitors. The study recommended to activate and circulate the application to all hospitals of KSA to take advantage of its contents.

The fifth session was led by Dr. Ibrahim bin Abdul Mohsen Bedewi, the supervisor of the Strategic Planning Department at King Abdulaziz University and was entitled (technologies and its applications). The session was initiated with a worksheet by Dr. Adnan bin Abdulaziz Kotb from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research entitled (benefiting from the visual representation of data) in which he discussed the concepts of dealing with huge data in Hajj and Umrah services and how to benefit from its development through the technology of visual representation of data showing  some examples of global experiences in this regard.

Thereafter, Dr. Mohamed Talaat Kokh from the College of Engineering at King Abdulaziz University, presented a worksheet entitled (the decision-making support system for the health centers in disaster management in the Holy City) in which he focused on the efforts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to care about the safety of pilgrims in the Hajj and Umrah seasons each year and its constant endeavors to provide and harness all necessary health potentials in regulatory systems to ensure the health of the pilgrims and their return home safely, God willing.

Then, Yusuf Jamal Samkry from the Saudi Red Crescent Authority presented a scientific worksheet entitled (the use of modern technologies to manage emergency resources at the Red Crescent). The study aimed at showing the impact of the use of some new technologies to manage the emergency resources and identify the information systems that contribute to expedite and facilitate emergency response of the emergency medical service providers to take advantage of the GPS and techniques the Call Center program. He explained that the study included those who employ these technologies at the operations room in the Red Crescent Authority and some IT staff. The researcher recommended the need to develop a clear methodology to run these software in accordance with rehabilitation programs that allow the maximum benefit of them along with activating the real performance indicator to measure the effectiveness and employment of the product.

Following that, Dr. Mohammad Sadiq Yassin from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques's Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, presented a study on (organizing the entry to Bab Al Salam in the Prophet's Mosque during peak times using simulation). He explained that the field of crowds' simulation is one of the basic technical tools that help develop and understand the risks to the crowds and study the safety means in organizing the access to the Bab Al Salam in the Prophet's Mosque at peak times. He pointed out that the use of computer simulation is an important research tool in understanding the complexities of the dynamics of the crowds and facing the problem of simulating their behaviors. The research study focused on the problem of simulating the dynamics of large high-density crowds in the area of Bab Al Salam where the interspacing is small which hampers the free movement of the person. This was revealed through the presentation of three different simulation models for the interaction of synchronized groups of individuals in a modeled environment for the area of Bab Al Salam. The simulation results for each scenario were gathered to reflect the behavior of each model and evaluate its impact on improving access to the Bab Al Salam.

In the sixth and final session of the forum, which was led by Dr. Mohammed bin Nasser Al-Khozim, the Vice-president of the Grand Mosque Affairs, about (the achievements in the development of services and facilities). The session was initiated by Eng. Essam bin Abdulaziz Tunsi from the Higher Authority for Monitoring the Transfer of Pilgrims who presented a worksheet entitled (the integration of sectors to organize the transport service of pilgrims to perform the prayer) in which he talked about the experience of the Higher Authority for Monitoring the Transfer of Pilgrims in improving the performance of public transport services to and from the Grand mosque during Hajj season of 1436 AH. He showed the operational integration mechanisms of the tasks and responsibilities of the involved entities and the service operators to achieve the goal. He gave an explanation of the components of the operational organization, the map of the geographic public transport routes and the standard organization of trips.

Then, Dr. Ali bin Suleiman Al-Obeid, the Vice president for the Prophet's Mosque Affairs,  spoke about the means of communication with the visitors and worshipers at Prophet's Mosque. He highlighted most prominent means of communication carried out and supervised by the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet's Mosque, represented by the Agency of the Presidency in Medina. He provided a summary about the virtues of Medina and the mosque of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and the necessity to fully care about its visitors and worshipers.

Eng. Hassan Ali Al-Watishi from King Abdullah Medical City in the Holy Capital, presented a worksheet about the twinning of the hospitals in the holy sites with the hospitals in the Holy City and King Abdullah Medical City. He focused on the efforts of Hajj engineering research which must focus on two systems to improve the services and balance the efforts of the human element providing the service. He discussed the twinning idea in the maintenance work, the vital biomedical engineering and logistics. The twinning of maintenance work will be executed through the permanent assignment of the maintenance contracts of the hospitals in the holy sites to the management of its supporting hospital in the holy capital to prepare the action plans of the intended hospital in the holy sites and oversee their implementation by a specific timetable.

Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Qasim from the Department of Laboratories and Environment Research in Medina Secretariat then reviewed the scientific worksheet which he presented under the title (control over the quality of foods produced at the subsistence kitchens in Medina during Hajj and Umrah seasons). He discussed the applicability of the health requirements and the quality of food provided by those kitchens for pilgrims during the seasons of Hajj and Umrah. The study included an evaluation of the health requirements in many subsistence kitchens in Medina over the past three years. This was executed as a part of the periodic tours undertaken by the Department of  Laboratories and Environment Research in Medina Secretary by collecting the food samples from the facilities that have been bacteriologically and chemically evaluated and analyzed in order to determine their suitability for human consumption.

The session was concluded with a worksheet provided paper by Dr. Nasser Al-Zahrani, from the Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice at the Holy Mosque, about (the contemporary challenges for the Committee for Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, a field study during Hajj season in 1436 AH). In this worksheet he discussed to the mission of Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice as a means of Huda mission at the Grand mosque in which all who interested in the affairs of the Two Holy Mosques participate to achieve the mission for the facilitation and benefit to those intending the Two Holy Mosques. The study came to an outcome that included putting signboards in some locations inside the Grand Mosque to inform and educate those who are coming to it and the sustainability of the advice and guidance specialist throughout his work period.