Abstract

Background: Although the potential influence of numerous systemic diseases on the periodontium is well established, periodontal infection may significantly enhance liability to or modify the progression of certain systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. These are the most common disorders sharing a pathogenesis that involves an enhanced local and systemic inflammatory response to periodontal bacteria. The current study was intended to assess the correlation of periodontal disease severity with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension.
Methods: This study analyzed the records of patients who visited the hospital in 2018. Age, gender, periodontal disease severity and systemic condition, were obtained from patients’ records without including any identifying information. Data were gathered, arranged in tables, and analyzed using the chi-squared test (X²) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Significance was determined when P-values were < 0.05.
Results: The frequencies of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis were greater in males than in females (p = 0.001 and 0.000, respectively). Periodontal disease severity was found to increase with age (p = 0.000). The frequency of chronic periodontitis was statistically higher than that of gingivitis (p = 0.000) and the frequency of severe chronic periodontitis was statistically higher than that of moderate and slight chronic periodontitis in all patients, whether they had diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension (p = 0.000).
Conclusions: A large significant difference was found between the frequency of chronic periodontitis and that of gingivitis in all diabetic and/or hypertensive patients. Moreover, the severity of chronic periodontitis had a significant positive correlation with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension.

Keywords

Periodontitis; gingivitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension.

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