Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is a crucial oral health problem due to its high pervasiveness and correlation to general health. Several risk factors have been reported to induce periodontal disease progression.
Aim: To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and its correlation with the associated risk factors among different age groups of patients attending Umm Al-Qura University Dental Teaching Hospital.
Methods: This is a retrospective study that utilizes the screening records of patients who attended the dental teaching hospital in 2018. The age, gender, periodontal condition, oral hygiene status, compliance with oral hygiene measures status, smoking status, and systemic health conditions were obtained from the patients’ screening records. Data were collected, tabulated, and analyzed using SPSS. Chi-squared and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the data. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Of the total 4,967 attending patients, 3,158 (64%) patients presented with periodontal disease. A significant high negative correlation was found between periodontal disease and compliance with oral hygiene measures (p = 0.001; r = −0.894) and between periodontal disease and oral hygiene status (p = 0.001; r = −0.889). Furthermore, a significant positive correlationwas found between periodontal disease and smoking (p < 0.000; r = 0.689) and between periodontal disease and the systemic disease (p = 0.000; r = 0.482). Compliance with oral hygiene measures was significantly higher for females (p = 0.04), while the smoking was significantly higher for males (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontal disease among patients attending Umm Al-Qura university dental teaching hospital was 64%, and several risk factors were associated with the disease. It is necessary to educate the community about periodontal disease and its initiating and predisposing factors to decrease the risk of having the disease and to promote oral and general health.

Keywords:

Periodontal disease, risk factors, oral hygiene, smoking, compliance

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