Digital Transformation in Algerian Higher Education: Future Challenges Toward Fourth-Generation Universities

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The higher education and scientific research sector in Algeria has undergone transformations driven by the digital revolu-tion, reshaping university functions and roles and compelling institutions to move from traditional models toward more flexible approaches that respond to the requirements of the Fourth-Generation University. This study aims to diagnose the state of digital transformation in the Algerian university, analyze its dimensions, and identify the challenges of transi-tioning toward a smart university environment. To achieve these objectives, the study adopted a descriptive approach, using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument and administering it to a purposive sample of faculty members at the University of Algiers 3. The findings indicate that digital transformation requires more than integrating modern tech-nologies into educational, administrative, and research processes; it requires a digital ecosystem based on infrastructure, digital competencies, and a digital culture among university stakeholders, alongside support for innovation, scientific research, and academic entrepreneurship. The findings also reveal that effective transition toward a smart university depends on adopting an integrated strategic vision that balances academic excellence, knowledge leadership, and innova-tion. The study concludes that building a digital and innovative Algerian university is a strategic option for enhancing the quality of education and scientific research and strengthening the competitiveness of the higher education system.