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Causal Reasoning through Conditional Particles: A Comparative Applied Jurisprudential Study

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Abdullah Ali Al-Mazim

Associate Professor, College of Judicial Studies, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Issue: 102 | Pages: 1-13| September 2025 | https://doi.org/10.54940/si58352419 | PDF

Received: 11/01/2024 | Revised: None | Accepted: 28/01/2024

Corresponding: aamazam@uqu.edu.sa

Abstract

The subject of this research is a comparative, applied, and fundamental study of reasoning using conditional particles. The study begins by highlighting its importance and opens with a definition of the linguistic condition in both its linguistic and technical senses. It then clarifies the difference between a linguistic condition and a legal condition, as well as the difference between a cause and a reason. Following this definition, the study lists the conditional particles and explains their meanings, focusing on the most important ones. The study then moves to discussing the fundamental disagreement regarding the role of conditional particles in providing reasoning, clarifying the point of contention, and presenting and discussing the evidence of each school of thought. This is followed by an explanation of the most sound opinion among the schools of thought, based on the researcher's reasoning. The study then determines the position of these particles within the hierarchy of textual reasoning. After establishing the foundational principles, the study moves to application, where the researcher applies the reasoning of conditional particles to a number of legal texts, highlighting the causal role of the particle in each text. The study concludes by presenting the most important findings, including the frequent occurrence of conditional clauses in revealed texts, along with the fact that many of these texts contain legal rulings. The process, and the connection of these tools to a fundamental principle of reasoning—namely, analogy—is significant because they inherently convey the meaning of causation according to those who accept it. Furthermore, legal theorists differ on the causal function of conditional particles, with two main opinions: one, that they do convey causation, and the other, that they do not. The more prevalent view among legal theorists is that conditional particles do convey causation, and the clearest evidence for this is that they are inherently used in the language for this purpose, a function directly related to and often inseparable from their function as conditional particles.

Keywords

causation, particles, condition, study, legal theory

How to Cite

Al-Mazim, A. (2025),Reasoning using conditional clauses A comparative applied study in Islamic jurisprudence, Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Sharia'h Sciences and Islamic Studies, Issue 102. pp.1-13. https://doi.org/10.54940/si58352419

License

1658-8738/© 2025 by the Authors. Published by J. Umm Al-Qura Univ. Shariah. Sci. Islamic Stud. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Last Modified Date: 2026/09/03 - 11:29 AM Saudi Arabia Time