During sessions on the second day of the 19th Scientific Meeting for Hajj and Umrah, participants discussed initiatives that serve pilgrims, engineering and urbanization, and technologies and their applications. This Meeting is organized by the Custodian of Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research at Umm Al-Qura University, in collaboration and partnership with Taibah University.

The fourth scientific session tackled the theme of initiatives and efforts exerted in serving pilgrims. It was headed by his Excellency Sheikh Muhammad Al-Khuzaim. A researcher from Public Security, Brigadier General Khalid Al-Fa`r, talked about his vision for the role played by Tawwafah institutions, in collaboration with the security bodies connected to Public Security, in offering outstanding services to pilgrims to achieve Saudi Vision 2030. The Brigadier General Muhammad Abu Abah, from the General Directorate of Civil Defense, dealt with the initiative of management of crises and risks during Hajj.

Dr. Nadir Abu Talib from the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah talked about the initiative of establishing and developing smart rest areas to serve pilgrims on highways leading to Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah. Dr. Faisal Asrah from Umm Al-Qura University discussed his initiative regarding the possibility of generating biogas from solid landfill in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah. Eng. Muhammad Naqru from the Jeddah Chamber talked about the impact of training on developing creativity for those working in volunteer organizations.

The fifth scientific session discussed the theme of urbanization and engineering. This session was headed by his Excellency Prof. Abdullah bin Omar Bafail, President of Umm Al-Qura University. A researcher from King Abdulaziz University, Dr. Hasan Basi, talked about the constitution of renewable energy systems with high efficiency and low costs in the Mina area.

A researcher from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research dealt in his scientific paper about the assessment of using paths in the southern yard of the Prophetic Mosque to organize crowds and facilitate visitors in reaching the honorable Rawdah. The researcher Muhammad Khalil from Umm Al-Qura University talked in his research about local identity and its effect on current architecture in the Kingdom. Dr. Muhammad Alim from Jeddah University talked about the methodology of analyzing failure patterns and their critical effects on Dhaif (Guest) Transportation during the Sacred Rituals.

Eng. Abdul-Latif Sinan from the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah dealt in his scientific paper with the development of public safety procedures and systems for facilities and services within smart city systems for Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, and the Sacred Rituals.

The scientific sessions of the Meeting were concluded by the sixth session that dealt with technologies and their applications. This session was headed by the President of the Development and Technology Office at the General Administration of Hajj and Umrah in the Emirate of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Province, Mr. Majid Al-Bijawi. A researcher from the Custodian of Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Dr. Mazin Malibari, talked in his scientific paper about modern artificial intelligence applications in Hajj and Umrah. Dr. Muhammad Yasin, a researcher at the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, offered a scientific paper about the application of the concept of a smart camp at Mina using internet of things technology.

A researcher from King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Dr. Yasir Siddiq, presented his scientific paper on the evaluation of overcrowdedness using the conglomeration of variable accuracy. A researcher from the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques, Eng. Bandar Al-Khuzaim, offered his scientific paper concerning the evaluation of crowd density at the Sacred Mosque using the convolution neural network. A researcher from the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Dr. Mahmud Al-Jamal, dealt in his scientific paper with the topic of analytical study to show the general characteristics of pilgrims and representing them using modern technologies to search in the great data to support decision-making process.