جامعة أم القرى
1. Abdelhafez AM (2013). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food service staff about food hygiene in hospitals in Makkah area, Saudi Arabia. Life Science Journal,10:1079-1085. (Non-ISI).
2. Abdel-Kafy EM, Elshemy SA, Alghamdi MS (2014). Effect of constraint-induced therapy on upper limb functions: A randomized control trial. Scand J Occup Ther; 21:11-23. (ISI; IF = 1.1; Cited 1)
3. El-Basatiny HM and Abdel-Kafy EM (2014). Assessment of Dynamic Postural Balance among Saudi Adolescent Girls in Al-Khober-Saudi Arabia. The Indian Journal for physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. 8: 248-253. (Non-ISI)
4. Elshamy SM, Abdel-Kafy EM, Ibrahim MM (2013). Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Foot Pressure Distribution in Congenital Clubfoot. J Am Sci; 9:446-451. (Non-ISI)
5. Basalamah MA, Abdelgayed AE, Thabet AA, Abdel-Kafy EM (2013). Effect of Pulsed High Intensity Laser in treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Controlled Study. Jokull; 63(10). (Non-ISI)
6. Abdelaal AAM, Elsisi HF and Alayat MS (2013). Lipid profile and hemodynamic response to exercise therapy in type 2 diabetic pre-hypertensive patients: A follow up randomized controlled trial. Jokull; 63:290-308. (Non-ISI)
7. Abo-Raya AO, Alfky NA and Elgazar AF (2013). Anti-Obesity and Antidiabetic Activities of Red Ginseng Plant Extract in Obese Diabetic Male Rats. Global J. Pharmacol.; 7: 390-397. (Non-ISI)
8. Alayat MS, Atya AM, Ali MM, Shosha TM (2014). Long-term effect of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial; Lasers Med Sci; 29: 1065-1073. (ISI; IF = 2.4; Cited 3).
9. Alameer MM, Alshareef K, Almalky AA, Jamal KM, Alkaf HH, Alsoubhi TM, Dablool AS and Abdulmaksoud AA (2013). Proposal to apply CBAHI standards on five primary healthcare centers in Holy Capital in Saudi Arabia. Journal of American Science; 9: 442-44. (Non-ISI).
10. Angelakis E, Azhar EL, Bibi F, Yasir M, Al-Ghamdi AK, Ashshi AM, Elshemi AG, Raoult D (2014). Paper money and coins as potential vectors of transmissible disease. Future Microbiol; 9: 249-261. (ISI, IF =3.8)
11. Ashour TH and El-Shemi AG (2014). Caffeic acid phenyl ester prevents cadmium intoxication induced disturbances in erythrocyte indices and blood coagulability, hepatorenal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats. Acta Haematologica Polonica. 45: 272–278. (ISI; No IF)
12. Ashour TH (2014). Therapy with Interleukin-22 Alleviates Hepatic Injury and Hemostasis Dysregulation in Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure. Advances in hematology; 2014. (Non-ISI)
13. Ashour, TH (2014). Hematinic and Anti-Anemic Effect of Thymoquinone Against Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hemolytic Anemia in Rats. Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(2), 67-72. (Non-ISI)
14. Ashour, TH (2014). Preventative Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenyl Ester on Cadmium Intoxication Induced Hematological and Blood Coagulation Disturbances and Hepatorenal Damage in Rats. ISRN Hematology, 2014. (Non-ISI; Cited 1)
15. Ashour T (2014) Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation with Pegylated Interferon-α and Ribavirin on Erythrocyte Indices, Iron Parameters and Erythropoietin Expression in Male Wistar Rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol; 4: 2161-1459.1000160. (Non-ISI)
16. Attar AA, Khereldeen MM, Refaat B, and Saleh HA (2014) Knowledge and Attitude of Physicians toward Evidence-Based Medicine. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol; 21: 17-27. (Non-ISI)
17. Azzeh, FS (2013). Risk Factors Associated with Delivering Low Birth Weight Infants among Pregnant Women: A Preliminary Study in Western Saudi Arabia. Journal of Biological Sciences, 13(5): 417-421. (ISI; No IF)
18. Azzeh FS, Alazzeh AY, Dabbour IR, Jazar AS and Obeidat AA (2014). Effect of Hospital Nutrition Support on Growth Velocity and Nutritional Status of Low Birth Weight Infants. Nutricion Hospitalari, 30: 800-805. (ISI; IF = 1.04)
19. Baddour AA and Saleh HA (2013). Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines Development, Disseminations and Assessment. International Journal of Pure Applied Sciences and Technology; 19: 6-21. (Non-ISI)
20. Bukhari HM (2013). Anthropometric measurements and the effect of breakfast sources in school achievement, physical activity and dietary intake for 6-13 years old primary school children girls in Makkah City. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences; 2: 272-279. (Non-ISI)
21. Dabbour IR, Al-Ismail KM, Takruri HR and Azzeh FS (2014). Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Content Properties of Cold-Pressed Seed Oil of Wild Milk Thistle Plant Grown in Jordan. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition; 13: 67-78. (ISI; No IF).
22. EL-Boshy ME and El-Deean NN (2013). Comparative Study on the Effect of Fucoidan and Levamisole on Some Selective Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Heat Stress Rabbits. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research; 1: 1-5. (Non-ISI)
23. El-Boshy ME, Abdalla OA, and Hassan A (2013). Studies on the Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactoferrin in Rats Infected with E. coli. Journal of Immune Based Therapies, Vaccines and Antimicrobials; 2013. (Non-ISI)
24. Abdalla OAM, El-Boshy ME, Amina AD, Ramadan TM, Kilany OE, and Haidy GAR (2013). Comparative studies on the panzyme and citric acid on the immunomodulatory, some selective biochemical and growth promoting parameters in broiler chicks. Life Science Journal; 10: 3559-3569. (Non-ISI)
25. El-Boshy ME, Gadalla HA, and El-Hamied FMA (2014) Immunological, hematological and biochemical changes induced by short term exposure to cadmium in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Coastal Life Medicine; 2: 175-180. (Non-ISI)
26. El-Ashker M, Salama M, Rizk A, and El-Boshy M (2014). The use of inflammatory markers as a prognostic aid for traumatic reticuloperitonitis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Veterinarni Medicina; 59: 239-246. (ISI; IF = 0.67)
27. El-Boshy ME, Risha EF, Hamid FMA, Mubarak MS, and Hadda TB (2014) Protective Effects of Selenium Against Cadmium Induced Hematological Disturbances, Immunosuppressive, Oxidative Stress and Hepatorenal Damage in Rats. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology; 29:104-10 (ISI; IF = 2.4)
28. Dua’Y A, Saadeh HA, Kaur H, Goyal K, Sehgal R, Hadda TB, ElSawy NA, and Mubarak MS (2014) Metronidazole derivatives as a new class of antiparasitic agents: synthesis, prediction of biological activity, and molecular properties. Medicinal Chemistry Research; 24 (3):1196-1209. (ISI; IF = 1.6)
29. Hegazy RM, ElSawy NA, Faruk EMF (2014). Does Ginger Extract Protect against Ethylene Glycol Induced Hepatic Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats? Basic Sciences of Medicine; 3: 17-25. (Non-ISI)
30. Nasr AY, Ali YH, and ElSawy NA (2014) The Sacral Hiatus: An Anatomic Study on Both Cadaveric and Dry Bones. Trans Clin Bio; 2. (Non-ISI)
31. Bakr ES and ElSawy NA, Therapeutic role of aqueous extract of Milk thistle (Silybum adans, L.) and Burdock (Arctium lappa) in hyperglycemic rats. Biological Medicinal Chemistry; 2: 20-28. (Non-ISI)
32. ElSawy NA, Bukhari HM, Nada IS and Header EA (2014) Obesity and Osteoporosis Among Students in Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, KSA. Biological Medicinal Chemistry; 2: 29-35. (Non-ISI)
33. ElSawy NA, Hadda TB, Bakr EH, Header EA, Fakim AG, Mabkhot YN, Aljofan M (2014). Effects of Crude Aqueous Extract of Origanum vulgaris in Developing Ovary of Rabbits Following in Utero, Adolescent, and Postpubertal Exposure. VRI- Phytomedicine; 3:73-80. (Non-ISI)
34. Hadda TB, ElSawy NA, Header EA, Mabkhot YN, and Mubarak MS (2014) Effect of garlic and cabbage on healing of gastric ulcer in experimental rats. Medicinal Chemistry Research;1-10. (ISI; IF = 1.6)
35. Bakr EH and Header EA (2014). Effect of Aqueous Extract of Green Tea (Camellia SinensisL.) on Obesity and Liver Status in Experimental Rats. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol.; 22: 53-63. (Non-ISI)
36. Elshamy SM, Abdel-Kafy EM (2013). Effect of balance training on postural balance control and risk of fall in children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil; 36:1176-83. (ISI; IF = 1.8; Cited 1)
37. El-Soadaa SS, Abdelhafez AM and Zahran SE (2013). Nutritional Assessment of Patients under Hemodialysis in King Faisal Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of American Science, 9(6):317-326. (Non-ISI)
38. Elsoadaa SS, Abdelhafez AM, Rabeh NM, Zahran SE and Osfor MMH (2013). Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables among Umm Al- Qura University Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A cross -section study. Life Sci J;10: 223-231. (Non-ISI)
39. Alayat MS, Elsodany AM, El Fiky AA (2014). Efficacy of high and low level laser therapy in the treatment of Bell's palsy: A randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci; 29: 335-42. (ISI; IF = 2.4; Cited 2).
40. Helal OF, Alayat MS, El Fiky AA, Shousha TM (2013). Impact of a Single Bout of High-Intensity Arm Ergometer Exercise on Ventilatory Function. Jokull; 63:339-56. (Non-ISI)
41. Helal OF, Mohamed AA and Alayat MSM (2013). Change in the great saphenous vein diameter in response to contrast baths and exercise: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of American Science; 9:476-483. (Non-ISI)
42. Thabet AA, Alayat MS, Ali MMI, Helal OF (2013). High Intensity Laser Versus low Intensity Laser Therapy in Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Energy for Health; 10: 16-21. (Non-ISI).
43. Mahran HG, Helal OF and El Fiky AA (2013). Effect of Mechanical Vibration Therapy on Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Journal of American Science. 9:76-87. (Non-ISI)
44. Ismail MMM and Moneer MM (2013). Does HOXA9 Gene Expression in Egyptian Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients Affect Disease Progression? A Retrospective Cohort Study. Turkish Journal of Hematology; 30: 359. (ISI; IF = 0.34)
45. Abdulateef NAB, Ismail MM, and Aljedani H (2014). Clinical Significance of Co-expression of Aberrant Antigens in Acute Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Makah Al Mukaramah, Saudi Arabia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention; 15: 221-227. (ISI; IF = 1.5)
46. Mohamed A, Ahmed M, Zaglool D, and Ahmed S (2014) Molecular Evaluation of Conventional Microscopic Method Versus Fecal Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Rapid Immunochromatographic Assay for Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium Infection. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice; 23: 26 (ISI, No IF).
47. Shalaby and Morsy HK (2014). Differential and Combined Effects of Simvastatin and Vildagliptin on Angiogenic Markers and Oxidative Stress in Hind Limb Model of Ischemia in Diabetic Rats. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4:587-5603. (Non-ISI)
48. Refaat B, El-Shemi A, Ebeid A, Ashshi A, and Basalamah M (2014). Islamic Wet Cupping and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects on Blood Pressure, Metabolic Profile and Serum Electrolytes in Healthy Young Adult Men. Alternative & Integrative Medicine; 3: 151. (Non-ISI).
49. Refaat B, El-Shemi AG, Ashshi AM, and AlZanbagi A (2014). Serum Activins and Follistatin during the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Genotypes 1 and 4 and Their Correlations with Viral Load and Liver Enzymes: A Preliminary Report. Gastroenterology research and practice; 2014. (ISI; IF = 1.6)
50. Refaat B, Ashshi AM, El-Shemi AG, and AlZanbagi A (2014). Effects of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 and 4 on serum activins and follistatin in treatment naïve patients and their correlations with interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, viral load and liver damage. Clinical and experimental medicine;1-10. (ISI; IF = 2.82)
51. Saleh HA, Ramadan R, Ghazzawi G, Kalantan N, Mounshi B, Fatani K and Obied T (2014). Patient Shared Decision Making: Physicians’ and Patients’ Perspective. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol; 22: 10-17. (Non-ISI)
ملخص الأبحاث المنشورة 2013-2014 :
1. Abdelhafez AM (2013). ‘Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food service staff about food hygiene in hospitals in Makkah area, Saudi Arabia.’ Life Science Journal,10:1079-1085.
http://www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/life1003/157_20028life1003_1079_1085.pdf
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: The practice of safety measures by the food service staff in hospitals is necessary for the prevention of foodborne outbreaks. Hospitalized patients are more vulnerable to potential hazards, and neglecting these principles can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of food service staff regarding food hygiene in hospitals in Makkah Area. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: food service staff and their supervisors working in five hospitals in Makkah Area, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A non-probability convenience sample comprising of 200 food service staff was included in the study. Two questionnaires were designed, one for food service staff and the other for supervisors. Statistical analysis was performed using (SPSS) version 16. Five models were developed regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Low level of knowledge about foodborne pathogens was found among food service staff who did not attend educational courses about food hygiene and foodborne diseases (OR= 2.37, P < 0.05). Food-service staff with higher educational level (OR= 1.69, P < 0.05). Most of food service staff routinely used gloves; this practice was greater among those who attended continuing educational courses (OR= 2.94, P < 0.05) and those working in hospitals with a lower number of beds (OR= 0.22, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Full implementation of the HACCP system and continuous training of food service staff regarding safe food handling practices are required.
2. Abdel-Kafy EM, Elshemy SA, Alghamdi MS (2014). ‘Effect of constraint-induced therapy on upper limb functions: A randomized control trial.’ Scand J Occup Ther; 21:11-23.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/11038128.2013.837505?journalCode=iocc20
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
Aims: Children with congenital hemiparesis have unilateral upper extremity involvement, limiting their ability in unilateral or bilateral manual tasks, thus negatively influencing their participation in daily activities. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been shown to be promising for improving upper-limb functions in children with cerebral palsy. Clinical assessments may be needed to quantify and qualify changes in children's performance following its application. Methods: This study investigated the effectiveness of a child-friendly form of CIMT to improve upper extremity functional performance. Thirty congenitally hemiparetic children aged 4-8 years were randomly assigned to receive either a CIMT program (study group) or a conventional non-structured therapy program (control group). The programs were applied for both groups for six hours daily, five days weekly for four successive weeks. The Pediatric Arm Function Test, Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test, and isokinetic muscular performances of shoulder flexors, extensors, and abductors expressed as peak torque were used to evaluate immediate and long-lasting efficacy of CIMT.
Results: The results showed improvement in the involved upper extremity performances in different evaluated tasks immediately post-CIMT program application compared with the control group. These improvements continued three months later. Conclusion: Pediatric CIMT with shaping produced considerable and sustained improvement in the involved upper extremity movements and functions in children with congenital hemiparesis.
3. El-Basatiny HM and Abdel-Kafy EM (2014). ‘Assessment of Dynamic Postural Balance among Saudi Adolescent Girls in Al-Khober-Saudi Arabia.’ The Indian Journal for physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy; 8: 248-253.
http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijpot&volume=8&issue=1&article=047
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic postural balance in Saudi girls with different BMI. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Sixty Saudi girls participated in this study and divided equally into three groups (Healthy weight, overweight and obese), their age range from 12-17 years. Methods: Dynamic postural balance was evaluated for all study girls using the Biodex Stability System (BSS). Antroposterior, mediolateral, and overall stability indices were obtained during bilateral stance with open-eyes at the platform. Measurements were conducted on the BSS at a completely firm surface (stability level 12) and a very unstable surface (stability level 1). Results: Mean values of AP stability scores were greater than ML ones in all study girls in the two chosen stability levels (1 and 12). ML scores significantly impaired in obese girls at stability level 1&12 and in overweight girls at stability level 1 only. All stability indexes were significantly impaired in obese girls at stability level 1, when compared to overweight girls. Conclusions: Our results revealed when BMI increases, balance parameters deteriorate as captured by dynamic stability indexes of the BBS. This indicates that overweight and obesity have a negative effect on dynamic postural control in Saudi girls.
4. Elshamy SM, Abdel-Kafy EM, Ibrahim MM (2013). ‘Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Foot Pressure Distribution in Congenital Clubfoot.’ J Am Sci; 9:446-451.
http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0906/021_18079am0906_178_183.pdf
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Conservative treatment of clubfoot is well accepted and has been reported to result in better correction ranging from as low as 50 % to as high as 90%. This study was an attempt to evaluate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on foot pressure distribution in congenital clubfoot. Methods: Thirty children with congenital clubfoot were participated in this study, their age ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 years matched with 20 healthy pediatric subjects. They were randomized divided into two equal groups; Study group received electrical stimulation for 12 weeks (frequency of 40 Hz, pulse width 330 ms and intensity was set where a visible movement of the foot was achieved and the sensation did not cause any distress to the infant), and control group didn’t receive any stimulation.Foot pressure distribution was measured using foot scan for all children pre and post treatment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in maximum foot pressure between study and control group after electrical stimulation application (p< 0.001). By contrast maximum foot pressures were not completely recovered in the study group compared with their matched healthy controls after 12 weeks. Conclusion: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may have the potential to maintain or improve evertor muscle activity and foot pressure distribution in children with clubfoot.
5. Basalamah MA, Abdelgayed AE, Thabet AA, Abdel-Kafy EM (2013). ‘Effect of Pulsed High Intensity Laser in treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Controlled Study.’ Jokull; 63(10).
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of diabetes. Objective: To investigate the effects of 8-weeks pulsed neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: forty three patients (ages 40 to 60 years) with grade II diabetic foot ulcers were randomly assigned to the laser group or the placebo laser group. Patients in the laser group received pulsed Nd: YAG laser (i.e. Total energy 230-250 J) 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks plus standard medical treatment, the placebo laser group received sham laser treatments plus standard medical treatment. Outcome measure: Wound surface area (WSA) was assessed for all patients at the beginning of the treatment (baseline), after 4 weeks (midpoint) and after 8 weeks. Results: The decrease in WSA after 4 and 8 weeks post treatment was significantly greater in the laser group (i.e., 4.40±0.61 cm2 and 0.89±0.58 cm2, respectively) as compared to the placebo group (i.e., 6.02±0.83 cm2 and 4.21±0.46 cm2, respectively) and the percentage % decrease in WSA after 4 and 8 weeks for laser group was 31 % and 79 % and 0.72% and 30% for the placebo laser group. Conclusion: Pulsed Nd:YAG laser combined with standard medical treatment decreases WSA for grade II diabetic foot ulcers.
6. Abdelaal AAM, Elsisi HF and Alayat MS (2013). ‘Lipid profile and hemodynamic response to exercise therapy in type 2 diabetic pre-hypertensive patients: A follow up randomized controlled trial.’ Jokull; 63:290-308.
http://jokulljournal.com/coredoux/index.php/jTracker/index/MAJvP
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Physical activity is a beneficial intervention for prevention and treatment of T2DM. Objectives: To investigate and compare lipid profile and blood pressure responses of circuit weight training (CWT) or aerobic exercise training (AET) in pre-hypertensive T2DM patients. Methods: Forty pre-hypertensive T2DM participants, aged 50-60 years, were randomly divided into two groups (CWT and AET). Exercise training was performed three times per week in both groups; for 12 weeks. Eight parameters were evaluated pre-training, after 3 months of training and 1 month post training cessation. Results: Compared with aerobic training; CWT for 12 weeks in T2DM patients seems to yield more statistically significant effect on lipid profile with favorable lowering effect on total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but with more favorable increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) either on short or long run basis (after 3 months exercise and 1 month follow up). On the other hand; aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks for pre-hypertensive T2DM patients seems to yield more benefit and statistically significant lowering effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with CWT either on short-or long-run basis. Conclusions: While CWT is the intervention of choice to improve lipid profile in pre-hypertensive T2DM patients, AET is still the best intervention to improve blood pressure in those patients, for a more extended period of time.
7. Abo-Raya AO, Alfky NA and Elgazar AF (2013). ‘Anti-Obesity and Antidiabetic Activities of Red Ginseng Plant Extract in Obese Diabetic Male Rats.’ Global J. Pharmacol.; 7: 390-397.
http://www.idosi.org/gjp/7(4)13/4.pdf
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
The effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) on adiposity index, serum levels of liver enzymes, lipid profile, blood glucose, leptin and insulin hormones and renal antioxidant capacity in obese diabetic rats were investigated. Forty five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. Group (1) was fed on basal diet (negative control), while the other 4 groups were fed on high fat-diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity. The obese rats were then rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Thereafter, group (2) obese diabetic was kept as positive control and the other 3 groups were orally given RGE at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected for separating the serum which used for biochemical analyses. Kidneys were taken to assay the activity of tissue antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that oral administration of RGE significantly (P < 0.05) reduced adiposity index; decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase enzymes, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins and improved atherogenic index in obese diabetic rats. Blood glucose and leptin hormone decreased, but insulin increased by administration of RGE. It also increased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase antioxidant enzymes in kidneys of obese diabetic rats. These results point to the potential possibility of use of red ginseng plant for the treatment of obese diabetic patients.
8. Alayat MS, Atya AM, Ali MM, Shosha TM (2014). ‘Long-term effect of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial.’ Lasers Med Sci; 29: 1065-1073.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10103-013-1472-5
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT), alone or combined with exercise, in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP). A total of 72 male patients participated in this study, with a mean (SD) age of 32.81 (4.48) years. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups and treated with HILT plus exercise (HILT + EX), placebo laser plus exercise (PL + EX), and HILT alone in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The outcomes measured were lumbar range of motion (ROM), pain level by visual analog scale (VAS), and functional disability by both the Roland Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) and the Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ). Statistical analyses were performed to compare the differences between baseline and post-treatment measurements. The level of statistical significance was set as P < 0.05. ROM significantly increased after 4 weeks of treatment in all groups, then significantly decreased after 12 weeks of follow-up, but was still significantly more than the baseline value in groups 1 and 2. VAS, RDQ, and MODQ results showed significant decrease post-treatment in all groups, although the RDQ and MODQ results were not significantly different between groups 2 and 3. HILT combined with exercise appears to be more effective in patients with CLBP than either HLLT alone or placebo laser with exercise.
9. Alameer MM, Alshareef K, Almalky AA, Jamal KM, Alkaf HH, Alsoubhi TM, Dablool AS and Abdulmaksoud AA (2013). ‘Proposal to apply CBAHI standards on five primary healthcare centers in Holy Capital in Saudi Arabia.’ Journal of American Science; 9: 442-44.
(Health Management Department)
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to assess the level of service at five health centers in the holy capital before and during the application of quality standards of central board accreditation health institute (CBAHI) for primary health care centers which are expected to be applied by the Ministry of Health in order to provide high quality health services to satisfy society. It also aims to challenge health services appreciated by reviewers in these centers. The study identified five of the health centers namely prosperous Al-zahir PHCs and Kuwdi &Al-hijra PHCs from Prince Ahmed health sector, Al-adel PHCs, and East Al-azizia from Al-adel health sector and Al-nuwaria PHCs from Al-taneem health sector. The five healthcare centers have been selected by the Ministry of Health in the Holy Capital to qualify for the accreditation of quality. The current study included 250 reviewers, which represent a random sample of the population in the holy capital city. Where 50 questionnaires were distributed to each of these centers (25 to male reviewers and 25 to female reviewers) to see their opinions about the service provided for them from the healthcare centers.
10. Angelakis E, Azhar EL, Bibi F, Yasir M, Al-Ghamdi AK, Ashshi AM, Elshemi AG, Raoult D (2014). ‘Paper money and coins as potential vectors of transmissible disease.’ Future Microbiol; 9: 249-261.
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Paper currency and coins may be a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food and could lead to the spread of nosocomial infections. Banknotes recovered from hospitals may be highly contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella species, Escherichia coli and S. aureus are commonly isolated from banknotes from food outlets. Laboratory simulations revealed that methicillin-resistant S. aureus can easily survive on coins, whereas E. coli, Salmonella species and viruses, including human influenza virus, Norovirus, Rhinovirus, hepatitis A virus, and Rotavirus, can be transmitted through hand contact. Large-scale, 16S rRNA, metagenomic studies and culturomics have the capacity to dramatically expand the known diversity of bacteria and viruses on money and fomites. This review summarizes the latest research on the potential of paper currency and coins to serve as sources of pathogenic agents.
11. Ashour TH and El-Shemi AG (2014). ‘Caffeic acid phenyl ester prevents cadmium intoxication induced disturbances in erythrocyte indices and blood coagulability, hepatorenal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats.’ Acta Haematologica Polonica; 45: 272–278
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000158141400053X
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Here we investigated the protective role of caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) on erythrocyte indices and osmotic resistance, blood coagulation, hepato-renal function and antioxidant status in cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rats. Cd intoxication was induced by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of cadmium chloride (1 mg/kg/day) for 21 days, and CAPE was daily given (10 μmol/kg; i.p.) also for 21 days. At day 22, blood samples, livers and kidneys were prepared for screening of: (1) erythrocyte indices: red blood cell (RBC) count, osmotic fragility, hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); (2) blood coagulation tests: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen (FIB) level; (3) serum levels of liver and kidney function biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen); (4) blood, liver and kidney levels of Cd; and (5) serum and hepato-renal concentrations of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Cd intoxication significantly impaired hepato-renal function, prolonged PT and APTT, reduced FIB, decreased RBC count and osmoresistnacy as well as the values of HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Interestingly, therapy with CAPE successfully eliminated Cd and significantly stabilized erythrocyte indices, blood coagulability and hepato-renal functional status in Cd-intoxication. Additionally, CAPE therapy significantly reversed the decreases in GSH and SOD, and the increases in TBARs that were induced by Cd intoxication. In conclusion, CAPE can represent a promising therapeutic agent in eliminating Cd and counteracting its hematological, hemostasis and hepatorenal toxic effects.
12. Ashour TH (2014). ‘Therapy with Interleukin-22 Alleviates Hepatic Injury and Hemostasis Dysregulation in Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure.’ Advances in hematology; 2014.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ah/2014/705290/
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
The therapeutic efficacy of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on liver injury and hematological disturbances was studied in rat model of acute liver failure (ALF) induced by D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS). The following parameters were investigated: (1) survival rate, (2) serum levels of liver function enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), total bilirubin (TBILI), and total albumen (ALB), (3) blood clotting tests (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen level (FIB)) and white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelet counts, (4) hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and (5) liver histopathology. After 48 hours of D-GalN/LPS, the rats exhibited 20% mortality, significant increases in AST, ALT, ALP, TBILI, PT, and aPTT, TNF-α, and COX-2 and significant decreases in FIB, WBCs, and RBCs. By contrast, therapy with IL-22 prevented the lethal effect of D-GalN/LPS by 100% and efficiently alleviated all the biochemical and hematological abnormalities that were observed in ALF untreated group. Furthermore, IL-22 treatment decreased the hepatic contents of TNF-α and COX-2. The histopathological findings also supported the hepatoprotective effect of IL-22. Taken together, therapy with IL-22 can represent a promising therapeutic tool against liver injury and its associated hemostasis disturbances.
13. Ashour, TH (2014). ‘Hematinic and Anti-Anemic Effect of Thymoquinone Against Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hemolytic Anemia in Rats.’ Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 8: 67-72.
http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/medwelljournals/rjmsci/2014/67-72.pdf
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Herein, the possible hematinic and anti-anemic effects of TQ supplementation therapy was investigated in a rat model of hemolytic anemia induced by Phenylhydrazine (PHZ). Forty eight adult male Wistar rats (18 rats per group) were randomly classified into: normal control group, PHZ group and PHZ+TQ group. PHZ was injected intraperitoneally at 40 mg kg¯1 on day 0 and 2 additional doses were given at 9 am and 6 pm, on day 1 while TQ (15 mg/kg/day) was given orally. Six rats of each group were sacrificed at days 3, 5 and 8 and their blood samples were collected at each time point for analysis. After 3-5 days of PHZ injection, rats developed acute hemolytic anemia reflected by significant decreases in RBC count, Hemoglobin (HGB) concentration and Hematocrit (HCT) percentage and significant increases in reticulocytes population and serum heme concentration. Interestingly, simultaneous therapy with TQ had significantly reversed these deteriorating effects of PHZ on RBCs, HGB, HCT and heme at each time point of analysis, however, it trended to induce further increase in reticulocytes population. Additionally, TQ therapy significantly reversed the decreases in serum levels of total Glutathione (GSH) and activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (as indices of antioxidant status) as well as the increases in serum levels of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) (as indices of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress) that were induced by PHZ intoxication. The present data suggest the favorable hematinic and anti-anemic effect of TQ therapy on PHZ-induced oxidative stress and hemolytic anemia in rats. This in turn may pave the way to use TQ as part of anemia management.However, further studies are required to confirm this suggestion.
14. Ashour, TH (2014). ‘Preventative Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenyl Ester on Cadmium Intoxication Induced Hematological and Blood Coagulation Disturbances and Hepatorenal Damage in Rats.’ ISRN Hematology, 2014.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2014/764754/
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
The preventative effect of caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) against hematological, blood coagulation, and hepatorenal disturbances in cadmium (Cd) intoxication was investigated in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control group, Cd-group, and Cd + CAPE group. Cd intoxication was induced by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of CdCl2 (1 mg/kg/day) for 21 days, and CAPE was daily given (10 micromol/kg; i.p.) for also 21 days. The results showed that Cd intoxication impaired hepatorenal function and significantly prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and decreased fibrinogen level, red blood cells and platelets counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Interestingly, all these hematological, blood coagulation, and hepatorenal deteriorations of Cd toxicity were significantly prevented by CAPE. Additionally, CAPE significantly reversed the significant decreases in levels of total reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase and increases in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances that were observed in the sera and liver and kidney homogenates of Cd group. It is concluded that CAPE is a promising compound that can counteract the hematological and blood coagulation disturbances, oxidative stress, and hepatorenal damages in Cd intoxication. However, further studies are crucially needed to improve this treatment in patients.
15. Ashour T (2014). ‘Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation with Pegylated Interferon-α and Ribavirin on Erythrocyte Indices, Iron Parameters and Erythropoietin Expression in Male Wistar Rats.’ Clin Exp Pharmacol; 4: 2161-1459.1000160.
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To measure the effect of Vitamin D3 (Vit D) on liver and serum iron parameters, erythrocyte indices, serum and kidney Erythropoietin (EPO) in normal rats treated with Pegylated Interferon-α (Peg-INF-α) and Ribavirin (RBV). Materials and Methods: Sixty four male Wistar rats were divided equally into 8 groups. ‘Control’; ‘P’: only received Peg-INF-α; ‘PD’: Peg-INF-α/Vit D; ‘PR’: Peg-INF-α/RBV; ‘PRD’: Peg-INF-α/RBV/Vit D; ‘R’: only received RBV; ‘RD’: RBV/Vit D and ‘VitD’: only received vitamin D3. Peg-INF-α-2a was injected subcutaneously (12 μg/rat/ week) for 4 weeks. RBV (4 mg/rat/day) and Vit D (500 IU/rat/day) were given orally for 5 weeks. Blood samples were collected to measure erythrocyte indices and serum 25 (OH) vitamin D. Iron, ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation were measure in blood and liver tissue. EPO was measured in serum samples and kidney specimens by ELISA. Results: All groups, except ‘R’ group, showed significant decrease in liver iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation, and increase in TIBC (P>0.05). However, there was no significant difference in those parameters at the serum level. RBV ± Peg-INF-α significantly decreased the RBCs count, haemoglobin, serum and kidney EPO compared to control and ‘P’ groups (P>0.05). Vit D prevented the development of anaemia and significantly increased the concentrations of EPO at serum and kidney levels in the designated groups. Vit D also correlated negatively with liver iron and transferrin saturation and positively with serum and kidney EPO, red cell count and haemoglobin concentrations. Conclusion: Vit D could be involved in the regulation of iron metabolism and the prevention of anaemia during the course of treatment of hepatitis C by Peg-INF-α based therapy. Further studies are needed to explore the role of Vit D during the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
16. Attar AA, Khereldeen MM, Refaat B, and Saleh HA (2014). ‘Knowledge and Attitude of Physicians toward Evidence-Based Medicine.’ Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol; 21: 17-27.
(Laboratory Medicine & Health Management Departments)
ABSTRACT
One of the most consistent findings in health services research is the gap between best practice, on one hand, and actual clinical care, on the other. The aim of this study was to determine physicians’ knowledge and attitude about evidence-based medicine. The study was conducted at a general governmental hospital using a self-administered questionnaire administered to physicians. The study has shown that most of physicians had an overall positive attitude towards evidence-based medicine (80.1%). Despite of the low level of awareness about EBM resources’ (31.8%), and EBM technical terms (43.3%). The study concluded that despite of physicians’ low level of knowledge about EBM resources’ and technical terms, they had a positive attitude towards evidence-based medicine. Based on our study we recommend policy makers to Provide hospitals with the required resources for EBM practice and Providing training programs and workshops for physicians to learn EBM skills.
17. Azzeh, FS (2013). ‘Risk Factors Associated with Delivering Low Birth Weight Infants among Pregnant Women: A Preliminary Study in Western Saudi Arabia.’ Journal of Biological Sciences, 13: 417-421.
http://www.scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jbs.2013.417.421
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
This study was maintained to identify the risk factors associated with delivering Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants among pregnant women in Makkah area. Two groups were recruited in this study; mothers who delivered LBW infants (MLBW) and mothers who delivered normal birth weight infants (MNBW). Participants were chosen from two hospitals in Makkah; Al-Noor Specialty Hospital and Children and Maternity Hospital. Mothers' ages were chosen between 20-40 years old. Data were collected from medical files and structured questionnaire from 183 delivered women (MNBW n = 92, MLBW n = 91). No significant differences were found in mother’s age, weight, height, BMI, family income, mother’s education and occupation between two groups. Also, chronic diseases, placenta problem, previous LBW, previous pregnancies and age at first pregnancy all didn't show any effect on LBW. MLBW showed significantly (p<0.05) lower fruits as well as milk and dairy products intake than MNBW. Also, tea intake of MLBW group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other group. The most probable risk factors associated with delivering LBW were related to multiple births as twins (OR = 6.47, (CI: 1.05-39.89), p = 0.044), smoking (OR = 5.73, (CI: 2.23-14.74), p = 0.040) and lower fruits intake than nutritional recommendation (OR = 0.30, (CI: 0.09-1.06), p = 0.042). Odds ration showed no significant results for high tea intake and low milk and dairy products intake. In conclusion, the main risk factors associated with delivering LBW infants in Makkah area were multiple births, smoking and low fruits intake.
18. Azzeh FS, Alazzeh AY, Dabbour IR, Jazar AS and Obeidat AA (2014). ‘Effect of Hospital Nutrition Support on Growth Velocity and Nutritional Status of Low Birth Weight Infants.’ Nutricion Hospitalari, 30: 800-805.
http://www.aulamedica.es/nh/pdf/7686.pdf
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Infants with low birth weights are provided with hospital nutrition support to enhance their survivability and body weights. However, different hospitals have different nutrition support formulas. Therefore, the effectiveness of these nutrition support formulas should be investigated. Objective: To assess the effect of hospital nutrition support on growth velocity and nutritional status of low birth weight infants at Al-Noor hospital, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October, 2010 and December, 2012. Three hundred newborns were recruited from Al-Noor Hospital in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Infants were selected according to their birth weights and were divided equally into three groups; (i) Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants (1501- 2500 g birth weight), (ii) Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants (1001-1500 g birth weight) and (iii) Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) infants (< 1000 g birth weight). Data were collected at birth and at discharged. Infants' weights were recorded and growth velocity was calculated. Some biochemical tests and mineral levels were measured. Results: Body mass index values of VLBW and ELBW groups were lower (p < 0.05) than LBW group. The growth velocity of infants in all groups ranged between 8.7 to 10.2 g/kg/d with no differences (p > 0.05) were observed among groups. Serum calcium, phosphorus and potassium levels at discharge were higher (p < 0.05) than that at birth for ELBW and VLBW groups; while sodium level decreased in ELBW group to be within normal ranges. Albumin level was improved (p < 0.05) in ELBW group. Conclusion: Health care management for low birth weight infants in Al-Noor Hospital was not sufficient to achieve normal growth rate for low birth weight infants, while biochemical indicators were remarkably improved in all groups.
19. Baddour AA and Saleh HA (2013). ‘Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines Development, Disseminations and Assessment.’ International Journal of Pure Applied Sciences and Technology; 19: 6-21.
(Health Management Department)
ABSTRACT
Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care. Worldwide, CPGs have increasingly become a familiar part of clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop and disseminate an evidence-based guideline for appropriate ordering and reordering of selected laboratory tests, as well as to assess the impact of guideline adopting in terms of improving ordering laboratory tests. The study was conducted at a general governmental hospital, the process of developing present guideline followed the systematic and approved steps, from selecting the guideline topic to finalizing and printing guideline recommendations for appropriate ordering and reordering of thyroid function tests (TFTs). The ordering of TFTs was assessed through reviewing medical records of patients who had undergone the TFTs according to an abstracting sheet that was structured based on the guideline recommendations before and after dissemination of the guideline through the distribution of paper copies of guideline and conducting of educational workshops. The study revealed that the adopting of CPGs achieved a statistically significant reduction (7.3%) in the percentage of unnecessary TFTs, a statistically significant increase in the overall guideline conformity rate (13.4%) and a statistically significant reduction in the unsatisfactory level of compliance with the guideline among prescribers (9.0%).
20. Bukhari HM (2013). ‘Anthropometric measurements and the effect of breakfast sources in school achievement, physical activity and dietary intake for 6-13 years old primary school children girls in Makkah City.’ International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences; 2: 272-279.
http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20130206.12.pdf
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: Many studies run in Saudi Arabia to seize obesity and food related diseases, but lack of data on anthropometric status and related health problems in primary school girls in western area promoted further research. Objectives: To determine the patterns of growth status on children, to compare between home and school breakfast with the consumption of macronutrient and minerals, physical activity. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 165 students girls from 3 schools in Makkah in primary schools aged between (6 and 13 years). Their height and weight were measured and weight for age, height for age and body mass index (BMI) for age were calculated. The children's information was obtained by interview and 24hr recall was completed by mothers for accuracy. Frequencies, mean, SD, differences between groups using chi square test and 24hr recall dietary analysis, were measured by SPSS package (Version 16.0). Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity, underweight, wasting, and stunting were 29.5%, 20%, 20% and 11% respectively. Lower vitamin B12 intake was associated with stunting. There was association between underweight and stunting. The mean for the macronutrients was high, except for fat mean which was within RDI. Total calories come from carbohydrate 48.9%, Protein 18.5%, and Fat 32.6%. A higher percentage of school breakfast consumers had low physical activity level compared to their counterparts (50.6% vs. 28.8%). Moreover, the former group had lower school achievement level vs. home breakfast consumers (89%vs.57.8%). Conclusion: Preventive measures should be instituted by health authorities to prevent further increase in the prevalence of overweight, wasting, and stunting in school- aged children. It is becoming a priority to establish school and adolescent nutrition and health programmes, with the emphasis on increasing physical education and consumption of healthy diet.
21. Dabbour IR, Al-Ismail KM, Takruri HR and Azzeh FS (2014). ‘Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Content Properties of Cold-Pressed Seed Oil of Wild Milk Thistle Plant Grown in Jordan.’ Pakistan Journal of Nutrition; 13: 67-78.
http://www.pjbs.org/pjnonline/fin2863.pdf
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine the chemical characteristics and antioxidant content properties of cold-pressed milk thistle seed oil. Acidity and peroxide value were determined by chemical standard titration method and oxidative stability index was determined by Rancimate. Using GLC, fatty acid composition, phytosterols and squalene were measured. While, alpha-tocopherol content was determined by HPLC. The total phenolic content, radical-scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity were determined spectrophotometrically. The chemical characteristics of cold-pressed oil were as follows: acidity (0.64%), peroxide value (0.34 meq O2/kg of oil), oxidative stability index (55.7 and 12.9 h at 80 and 100°C, respectively), fatty acid composition (19.5, 22.9 and 57.6% for SAT, MUFA and PUFA, respectively), phytosterol (2520 mg/kg), squalene (9.35 mg/kg), alpha-tocopherol content (237.4 mg/kg), total phenolic content (1.16 mg GAE/g oil), radical-scavenging capacity against stable DPPH radical (IC50 = 3.34 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (2.29 mmol/L). These data suggest that cold-pressed milk thistle seed oil may serve as dietary source of high PUFA and MUFA, phytosterols, phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants and can be a remarkable candidate for use in healthy food preparations mixed with other vegetable oils or alone.
22. EL-Boshy ME and El-Deean NN (2013). ‘Comparative Study on the Effect of Fucoidan and Levamisole on Some Selective Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Heat Stress Rabbits.’ International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research; 1: 1-5.
https://www.woarjournals.org/admin/vol_issue2/upload%20Image/IJPMR011101.pdf
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
This study was planned to investigate the effect of fucoidan and levamisole on some hematological and biochemical parameters in growing rabbits, in both normal and heat stress conditions. One month aged rabbits were orally treated with fucoidan at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks and levamisole with 8 mg/kg as a single dose every 2 weeks. This study was conducted at winter and summer. Fucoidan and levamisole treated groups returned the increased RBCs count and stress leukogram picture to normal at the end of the study. Also, biochemical profile in fucoidan treated groups, showed significant decrease in ALT, AST, urea and creatinine with increased level of total protein and globulin when compared with heat stress group. We concluded that fucoidan express good immunomodulating, hepatoprotective and renoprotective effect against stress induced by high temperature.
23. El-Boshy ME, Abdalla OA, and Hassan A (2013). ‘Studies on the Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactoferrin in Rats Infected with E. coli.’ Journal of Immune Based Therapies, Vaccines and Antimicrobials; 2013.
http://file.scirp.org/pdf/JIBTVA_2013100915214594.pdf
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Eighty male albino rats of Westar strain (350 ± 10 g), 10 to 12 weeks old were divided into four groups. The groups treated are as following. The first control group (Gp. I) was given intraperitoneally in normal saline (1 mL). The second group (Gp. II) was orally infected with 3 × 1012 CFU of E. coli /Kg. BW. The third group (Gp. III) was infected with E. coli and treated with (0.5%) lactoferrin (LF) 72 hours before E. coli infection in filtered tap water for the duration of the experiment (21 days). The fourth group (Gp. IV) was administrated with LF only (0.5%) in drinking water. Two separate blood samples were collected from heart puncture at the end of 1st, and 3rd week post-treatment for immunological studies. The Leukogram in E. coli treated group was insignificant compared with the control group while lymphocytosis was clear compared with the infected group. Total protein, albumin, α-globulin and β-globulin were insignificantly changed in LF & E. coli treatment group comparing with infected and control groups. TNF-α and γ-globulin are significantly increased in infected group comparing with other treated groups. In conclusion, lactoferrin has powerful antibacterial activity in a variety of ways as well as a safe immunostimulant protein when it is orally administrated.
24. Abdalla OAM, El-Boshy ME, Amina AD, Ramadan TM, Kilany OE, and Haidy GAR (2013). ‘Comparative studies on the panzyme and citric acid on the immunomodulatory, some selective biochemical and growth promoting parameters in broiler chicks.’ Life Science Journal; 10: 3559-3569.
http://www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/life1004/474_22473life1004_3559_3569.pdf
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
One hundred and fifty, one day old, chicks were divided into 5 groups and reared for 6 weeks. Group I: control group fed on balanced commercial ration. Groups II, III, IV and V: treated groups fed on balanced commercial ration supplied with 0.5%,1% citric acid and 0.05%, 0.1% panzyme for 6 weeks respectively. Immunological, some biochemical and growth performance parameters were investigated at 3rd and 6th week. Also, parts from the liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, thymus and bursa were obtained for histopathological examination. Our results revealed significant lymphocytic leukocytosis in the group fed 0.05% panzyme all over the experimental period. There was significant decrease in the level of IL10 in the 0.05% panzyme fed group, and on the contrary, there were significant increases in the 0.5, 1% citric acid groups in comparison with the control group. While, IL6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in panzyme groups at 3 weeks, while, at 6 weeks there were significant decrease in citric acid groups. The bacteriological analysis of the caecal content revealed significant increase in the total bacterial and coliform count in the citric acid fed groups with significant decrease in the count of lactobacillus spp. All the experimental groups showed no effect on serum albumin and uric acid levels. Whereas, significant decrease in AST and creatinine was recorded in the 0.05% panzyme group. Furthermore, 0.05% panzyme group showed significant increase in TP, globulin and glucose along with hypocholesterolemia in the 0.05% panzyme fed group when compared with the other groups of the experiment. The addition of 0.05% of panzyme to the diet of broilers results in improved growth with increased intestinal villus height. We could conclude that panzyme at the level 0.05% in the diet has a prospective effect on the growth performance, nonspecific and specific immune response in broilers.
25. El-Boshy ME, Gadalla HA, and El-Hamied FMA (2014). ‘Immunological, hematological and biochemical changes induced by short term exposure to cadmium in catfish (Clarias gariepinus).’ Journal of Coastal Life Medicine; 2: 175-180.
http://www.sciencepub.net/nature/ns0912/002_7137ns0912_7_15.pdf
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the hematological, biochemical and immunological changes in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (C. gariepinus) experimental exposed to cadmium. Methods: C. gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) mg/L) for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected for assessing some hematologica l(,0 ,b 2io, c5h, eamndic 1a0l and immunological studies at the end of experiment. Results: The results showed marked normocytic normochromic anemia, leukocytosis, ancetuivtritoipehs iolifa A aLnT da nlydm ApShTo spiegnniifai ciann t5l,y 1i0n cmrega/sLe din, acsa dwmelilu ams gelxupcoosseed, cfriesaht.i nAinlseo, uthreea b, lpoootda slseiuveml mangd/L u orifc c aacdimd.i uMme aenxwpohsieled tfoitsahl. pTrhoete iimn,m aulbnuolmoginic aanl dp asroadmiuemte rws einre c saidgmniifuicma netxlyp odseecdr eeaxspeedr iamt e5n, t1a0l daso sdee gcrroeuapses dd erecrseisatsaendc ese trou mA ebroamctoenriacsid hayl darcotpivhiitlyl,a l ywsiotzhy minec,r enaesuitnrgop ehxiplso saudrhee sdioonse t essete mase wd etlol correspond with suppressive of non-specific immune functions. Conclusions: The treatment of C. gariepinus with cadmium under the same conditions had immunosuppressive and decrease diseases resistance in a dose-dependent effect.
26. El-Ashker M, Salama M, Rizk A, and El-Boshy M (2014). ‘The use of inflammatory markers as a prognostic aid for traumatic reticuloperitonitis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).’ Veterinarni Medicina; 59: 239-246.
http://vri.cz/docs/vetmed/59-5-239.pdf
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of selected inflammatory markers for prediction of clinical outcomes of traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Acute local TRP was initially diagnosed in 32 buffalo by clinical examination and confirmed by ultrasonography (USG), laparo-rumenotomy and/or necropsy findings in non-surviving cases. Ten clinically healthy buffalo were randomly selected and served as controls. Blood was drawn from all examined buffalo to measure the respective levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 interferon gamma (INF)-γ, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), fibrinogen (Fb), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum sialic acid (SSA). Clinically, the heart rates, but neither respiratory rate nor rectal temperature, were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P < 0.05). In addition, the non-surviving buffalo were more likely to have anorexia and weakness compared with survivors. However, rumen stasis, recurrent ruminal tympany, lacrimation, lordosis, bruxism, and decreased milk production were commonly observed in all diseased animals. Biochemically, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, SAA, Hp, Fb, CRP, and SSA levels were significantly higher in diseased buffalo compared with controls, and were higher in non-survivors than survivors (P < 0.05). The data herein indicate an ongoing cascade of systemic inflammatory responses in buffalo with TRP with concomitant compensatory anti-inflammatory reactions and the overall degree of cytokine network disruption may be an important prognostic indicator. Medical strategies to modulate inflammation must take into account the complex of cytokine biology in buffalo with TRP.
27. El-Boshy ME, Risha EF, Hamid FMA, Mubarak MS, and Hadda TB (2014). ‘Protective Effects of Selenium Against Cadmium Induced Hematological Disturbances, Immunosuppressive, Oxidative Stress and Hepatorenal Damage in Rats.’ Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology; 29:104-10.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0946672X14000753
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Cadmium is a non-essential toxic metal used in industrial process, causes severe risk to human health. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral of fundamental importance for human health. Selenium has antioxidant enzymes roles and is needed for the proper function of the immune system. In this study, the protective effects of selenium against cadmium intoxication in rats have been investigated by monitoring some selective cytokines (IL-1β, TNF α, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ), antioxidant enzymes reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as some selective biochemical markers of liver and kidney functions. Thirty-two rats were divided into four equal groups; the first group was used as a control. Groups 2-4 were treated with selenium (Se; 0.1mg/kg BW), cadmium (Cd; 40mg/L drinking water) and selenium plus cadmium, respectively. Rats were orally administered their relevant doses daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from heart puncture at the end of the experiment (30 days) for complete blood picture (CBC) and serum was separated to evaluate the different immunological parameters and biochemical parameters, as well as liver specimens for Cd and Se estimation. Rats in the Cd treated group have a significantly higher hepatic concentration of Cd than in other treated groups. Results revealed that cadmium significantly increased IL-1β, TNF α, IL-6 and IL-10, beside peripheral neutrophils count, while the IFN-γ and lymphocytes were decreased in rat sera. In addition, GSH level, CAT, SOD and GPx activities were significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation (MDA) was increased. Regarding, liver and renal markers, they were significantly increased in the activities of aminotransferases (AST, ALT), urea and creatinine, while total plasma proteins and albumin were significantly decreased. On the other hand, selenium treated group, showed significantly increased IFN-γ, GSH level, CAT, and GPx activities, as well as lymphocyte count while IL-10 was decreased. Selenium in combination with cadmium, significantly improved the elevation of serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF α, IL-10 and malondialdehyde in addition to enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities of GSH, CAT, GPx and SOD. Moreover, selenium has ameliorated the cadmium-induced liver and kidney damage by improving hepatic and renal markers. The results of this investigation demonstrated that selenium has the potential to countermeasure the immunosuppressive as well as hepatic and renal oxidative damage induced by cadmium in rats; selenium has shown promising effects against Cd toxicity.
28. Dua’Y A, Saadeh HA, Kaur H, Goyal K, Sehgal R, Hadda TB, ElSawy NA, and Mubarak MS (2014). ‘Metronidazole derivatives as a new class of antiparasitic agents: synthesis, prediction of biological activity, and molecular properties.’ Medicinal Chemistry Research; 24:1196-1209.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00044-014-1197-4
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Series of new metronidazole urea and thiourea derivatives have been prepared in good yields through reactions of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazolyl) ethylamine hydrochloride with various cyanates and isothiocyanates. Similarly, metronidazole hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were synthesized by reacting 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl-4-methylbenzene sulfonate (4) with m- and p-hydroxybenzoic acids. Structures of the newly prepared compounds were confirmed through different spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry and also by elemental analyses. The antigiardial and antitrichomonal activities of the prepared compounds were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3f, 3g, 3j, 3l, 3m, and 6b exhibited remarkable antigiardial activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.2 to 7.5 µg/mL and were found to be more active than metronidazole which has an IC50 of 8.0 µg/mL. Similarly, several of the tested compounds showed significant antitrichomonal activity with IC50 values ranging from 4.95 to 6.80 µg/mL compared with the standard drug, metronidazole which has an IC50 of 8.0 µg/mL. Compound 6b was the most potent among the prepared compounds and was about 1.6 times more active than metronidazole. In addition, the newly synthesized products were subjected to Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) analyses to get insights on the degree of their toxicity.
29. Hegazy RM, ElSawy NA, Faruk EMF (2014). ‘Does Ginger Extract Protect against Ethylene Glycol Induced Hepatic Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats?’ Basic Sciences of Medicine; 3: 17-25.
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: Ethylene glycol (EG)is a colourless, odourless, sweet-tasting chemical mainly used as antifreeze which is fatal if ingested. Ginger is used as spices and as an herbal medicine (antioxidant) in Asian countries. Aim of the work: was to evaluate the protective role of Ginger against the Ethylene glycol hepato-toxicity in rats. Material and Methods: Thirty rats were divided into three equal groups: Group I (control group): GIa; 5 rats received saline and GIb; 5 rats received ginger (dose as in GIII), Group ΙΙ: were intraperitoneal injected by EG 0.75 mL for 2 consecutive days then orally administered via intra-gastric tube by EG in a daily dose of 0.1 mL /kg ethylene glycol Group ΙΙI: received EG injection with 1 mL of Ginger extract (24 mg/mL) three times weekly for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected and livers were microscopically examined. Results: EG induced significant reduction (P=002) in Rats' BW in G II with 30% MR in comparison with GI and GIII. AST, ALT, ALK P, TBIL, and globulin levels in G II were significantly elevated (P=0.02); meanwhile there were significant decrease (P=0.03) in total protein, albumin, and A/G ratio. Microscopic examination showed: increase fibrous tissue and cellular infiltration around the portal tract in G II. Positive antioxidant effect of Ginger over the EG toxicity in G III by apparent decrease of fibrosis, cellular infiltration, vacuolation and necrosis of hepatocytes. Some hepatic lobules regained their normal architecture with proliferated bile ductules. Conclusions: Ginger might be more effective in amelioration of ethylene glycol induced hepato-toxicity.
30. Nasr AY, Ali YH, and ElSawy NA (2014). ‘The Sacral Hiatus: An Anatomic Study on Both Cadaveric and Dry Bones.’ Trans Clin Bio; 2.
http://www.vripress.com/index.php/TCB/article/view/124
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
The sacral hiatus is the gap on the lower part of dorsal surface of sacrum. It is formed due to the failure of fusion of the laminae of the 5th sacral segment. The sacral hiatus provides the main route of the caudal epidural nerve block. The success rate of the caudal nerve block showed an important correlation to the variations of the sacral hiatus dimensions. 150 dry Egyptian sacra and five cadavers were used in the present study. Different anatomical measurements were made with a Vernier caliper accurate to 0.1 mm to know the anatomical variations of the sacral hiatus. Complete agenesis of the sacral hiatus was seen in four (2.66%) sacra. The mean length of sacral hiatus was 27.16 mm and it showed a wide range (7-110 mm). The mean transverse diameter (width) of sacral hiatus was 11.5 mm. The mean anteroposterior diameter of the sacral canal at the apex of sacral hiatus was 4.78 mm. Narrowing of the sacral canal at the apex of sacral hiatus, diameter less than 3 mm was seen in 10 (6.66%) sacra. The apex of sacral hiatus was commonly found at the level of the 4th sacral vertebra in 54%. Various shapes of sacral hiatus were observed which included inverted V (38.66%), inverted U (31.33%), irregular (15.33%), dumbbell (12%) and bifid (2.66%). The base of sacral hiatus was seen at the level of S5 vertebra in 70%. The fusion between coccyx and sacrum was observed in 18% of sacra while the sacralisation of the 5th lumber vertebra was noticed in 14 (9.33%) sacra. The knowledge of the anatomical variations of sacral hiatus is important during administration of the caudal epidural anaesthesia. Moreover, it may help in improving the success rate of the caudal anaesthesia.
31. Bakr ES and ElSawy NA, (2014). ‘Therapeutic role of aqueous extract of Milk thistle (Silybum adans, L.) and Burdock (Arctium lappa) in hyperglycemic rats.’ Biological Medicinal Chemistry; 2: 20-28.
http://vripress.com/index.php/BMC/article/view/135
(Clinical Nutrition & Laboratory Medicine Departments)
ABSTRACT
Bakground: Diabetes mellitus (DM), the third killer of the mankind health along with cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, is one of the most challenging diseases facing health care professionals today Objective: Therapeutic role of aqueous extract of Milk thistle (Silybum adans, L.) and Burdock (Arctium lappa) and their mixture in hyperglycemic rats. Material and methods: Fourty mature male albino rats weighing 180-200g then divided into 8 equal groups; one group was kept as a (C –ve) group, while the other 7 groups were injected s/c by 150 mg/kg body weight alloxan to induce hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemic rats were disparted into seven equal groups (n= 5 rats) one of them left as control positive while other eight groups orally fed using two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg of milk thistle, burdock , and mixture of them, respectively). At the end of experimental period (45 days), blood samples were collected for serum separation to determine serum glucose, liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP,) total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein fractions (HDLc, LDLc and VLDLc), kidney function (creatinine, urea and uric acid) and histopathological changes. Results: Data showed that that aqueous extract of milk thistle (Silybum adans, L.) and burdock (Arctium lappa) showed significant decrease in serum glucose and improving liver and kidney status specially the mixture of 500 mg of milk thistle and burdock. Conclusion: According to these results, milk thistle and burdock could be used for hyperglycemia and impaired liver and kidney function.
32. ElSawy NA, Bukhari HM, Nada IS and Header EA (2014). ‘Obesity and Osteoporosis Among Students in Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, KSA.’ Biological Medicinal Chemistry; 2: 29-35.
http://vripress.com/index.php/BMC/article/view/138
(Laboratory Medicine & Clinical Nutrition Departments)
ABSTRACT
Background: Nutrition is one of the most important factors influencing human health. Also, nutrition plays a role in the etiology of osteoporosis disease. This disease is a serious metabolic bone disorder that often results in hip fracture and is usually asymptomatic in its initial stages. Objective: Assess the prevalence of obesity and osteoporosis among university students. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out during the period from 1/1/2010 to 30/1/2013 among a random sample of 218 male and 257 female university students participate from Umm Al Qura university of Makkah age ranged from 19 to 24 years old. A direct interview was run all students to collect a specially designed bone health related questionnaire, bone mineral density (BMD) sos instrument and body composition have also been measured by using scale body state device. Results: Osteoporosis was present in 2.8% and 7% for male and female respectively, while osteopenia was current in 42.2% and 32.3% of male and female resp. Moreover there was a highly increased positive significant relationship at level (1%) between osteoporosis and each of body fat %, fat weight, and BMI. Conclusion: Osteoporosis more common in female students, while osteopenia is increased in male students. The prevalence of osteoporosis among university students was positively and significantly associated (p<0.001) with increased body fat. The study results suggested that inevitable decrease in body fatness and weight with less consumption of carbonated beverages, taking into consideration variety and balanced diets and increasing nutrition education programs.
33. ElSawy NA, Hadda TB, Bakr EH, Header EA, Fakim AG, Mabkhot YN, Aljofan M (2014). ‘Effects of Crude Aqueous Extract of Origanum vulgaris in Developing Ovary of Rabbits Following in Utero, Adolescent, and Postpubertal Exposure.’ VRI-Phytomedicine; 3:73-80.
http://vripress.com/index.php/PM/article/view/142
(Laboratory Medicine & Clinical Nutrition Departments)
ABSTRACT
We evaluated the impact on rabbits after having been treated with Origanum vulgaris (Lamiaceae) (OV) at a dose level known to adversely affect ovarian functions in rodents without causing systemic toxicity. The choice of rabbits has been guided by the fact that rabbits have a relatively long phase of reproductive development and hence simulation of reproductive development is better as opposed to dealing with rodents. The use of rabbits facilitates multiple evaluations of mating ability. An attempt has also been made at determining whether OV affected ovarian development and hence the use of animal model. Rabbits were exposed to 80 mg OV/kg/day in utero (gestation days [GD] 0 to23) or during adolescence (postnatal weeks [PNW] 4 by breast feeding and orally from 4w to 12 w), and the offspring were examined at the end of the 12 W period. Another group was treated after puberty (for 12 weeks) till age of 24 [PNW] of age and examined at the conclusion of exposure and follicles were categorized as primordial, primary, small preantral, large preantral or small antral follicles. The most pronounced reproductive effects were in female rabbits group which had been exposed from in utero till post-puberty period, in weights of ovaries (at 12 and 24 weeks, down 23%; p < 0.05). Serum Gonadotropin levels were down (at 24 weeks, 32%; p < 0.05); a slight increase in histological alterations of the ovaries (p < 0.05) at 24 weeks, of abnormal follicles.
34. Hadda TB, ElSawy NA, Header EA, Mabkhot YN, and Mubarak MS (2014). ‘Effect of garlic and cabbage on healing of gastric ulcer in experimental rats.’ Medicinal Chemistry Research;1-10.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00044-014-1092-z
(Laboratory Medicine & Clinical Nutrition Departments)
ABSTRACT
The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) extracts on the healing of gastric ulcer in experimental rats has been investigated. Thirty-three albino male rats (115 ± 4 g B.Wt. each) were used and divided into 6 groups (n = 6 rats); one was used as a negative control while the others were given aspirin orally (200 mg/kg B.Wt.). One of these groups was employed as a positive control and the others were administrated with 150 or 300 mg/kg B.Wt. doses of garlic and cabbage juice for 7 days. The length of the gastric ulcer, the volume of gastric juice, the total acidity, the pH value, the total bacterial count, and the histopathological changes of the stomach were examined. Results revealed that oral administration with both tested plant extracts reduced the length of gastric ulcer, the total acidity, the volume of gastric juice, the bacterial count, and the histopathological changes caused by aspirin. On the other hand, both aqueous plants extract increased the pH value of gastric juice. It is concluded that, garlic and cabbage extract could be used for healing acute gastric ulcer.
35. Bakr EH and Header EA (2014). ‘Effect of Aqueous Extract of Green Tea (Camellia SinensisL.) on Obesity and Liver Status in Experimental Rats.’ Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol.; 22: 53-63.
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the most common disorders encountered in clinical practice. It has been noted as a major public health problem in many countries including Arab countries. It is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases. Green tea is reported to contain thousands of bioactive ingredients which are almost contributed by polyphenols which play a key role in prevention and treatment of many diseases including obesity. Our investigation aimed to study the effect of oral administration of aqueous extracts of green tea (GTE) on obesity and liver status by using experimental rats. Sixteen adult male albino rats (150-160g) was divided into four experimental groups: The first considered as control negative group (C -ve) and fed on normal diet, while other three groups fed on high fat diet for three weeks to induce obesity. Obese rats were divided into three equal groups (n= 4 rats). Second group (obese rats) considered as (C +ve). Third group (obese rat) and fourth group fed on 10% and 20% of green tea extract respectively. At the end the experimental period (28 days), the body weight gain, food intake, feed efficiency ratio, blood sugar, liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), and lipid profile were evaluated. Our results revealed that the consumption of green tea extract produced a significant reduction in body weight in obese rats and enhances liver functions. Conclusion: Green tea could be used as a weight reductions and enhancing liver status for obese.
36. Elshamy SM, Abdel-Kafy EM (2013). ‘Effect of balance training on postural balance control and risk of fall in children with diplegic cerebral palsy.’ Disabil Rehabil; 36:1176-83.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09638288.2013.833312
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of balance training on postural control and fall risk in children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: Thirty spastic diplegic cerebral palsied children (10-12 years) were included in this study. Children were randomly assigned into two equal-sized groups: control and study groups. Participants in both groups received a traditional physical therapy exercise program. The study group additionally received balance training on the Biodex balance system. Treatment was provided 30 min/d, 3 d/week for 3 successive months. To evaluate the limit of stability and fall risk, participated children received baseline and post-treatment assessments using the Biodex balance system. Overall directional control, total time to complete the test, overall stability index of the fall risk test and total score of the pediatric balance scale were measured. Results: Children in both groups showed significant improvements in the mean values of all measured variables post-treatment (p < 0.05). The results also showed significantly better improvement in the measured parameters for the study group, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Balance training on Biodex system is a useful tool that can be used in improving postural balance control in children with diplegic cerebral palsy.
37. El-Soadaa SS, Abdelhafez AM and Zahran SE (2013). ‘Nutritional Assessment of Patients under Hemodialysis in King Faisal Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.’ Journal of American Science, 9:317-326.
http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0906/037_18231am0906_317_326.pdf
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: The most common problem in chronic renal failure patients is malnutrition which can be secondary to poor nutrients intake, increase losses or increase in protein catabolism. Objectives: to assess the nutritional status of a sample of hemodialysis patients (HDP) attending King Faisal Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted included 40 hemodialysis patients (24 females, 16 males), attending the hemodialysis center in King Faisal Hospital. A pretested interview questionnaire was used to collect demographic, medical, and dietary histories. Anthropometric indices were recorded for each patient. Serum phosphorus, calcium, total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, and creatinine were obtained from patients, files. Results: Among the studied patients 40% were males and 60% were females. Dietary assessment showed that, patient, daily intake of all macro and micronutrients (except vitamin A) was <90% of the average nutritional requirements. Regarding percentiles of anthropometric measurements as indicators of malnutrition ; 35%, 20%, 32.5%, 32.5% of the patients had a weight for age, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and mid-upper arm muscle area (MAMA) less than the 5th percentile respectively. Biochemical assessment among the studied patients shows that, all patients were anemic,22.5% of patients had serum phosphorus of >1.94 mmol/L, 20.0% had serum total protein <64 g/L, 75.0% with serum calcium of ≤ 2.37,100% with BUN >28.5 mmol/L, 72.5% with albumin <40 g/L, and 55.0% with serum creatinine of < 884 µmol/L. Conclusion: malnutrition is common in (HDP), rendering them at high risk of mortality and morbidity. Improvement of nutritional status of patients on maintenance hemodialysis is needed. Every patient needs an intensive nutritional counseling based on an individualized plan of care to maintain adequate nutrients intake.
38. Elsoadaa SS, Abdelhafez AM, Rabeh NM, Zahran SE and Osfor MMH (2013). ‘Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables among Umm Al- Qura University Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A cross -section study.’ Life Sci J;10: 223-231.
http://www.pjbs.org/pjnonline/fin2605.pdf
(Clinical Nutrition Department)
ABSTRACT
The health benefits of adequate fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption are significant and documented. Moreover, increased fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with reduction in the development of chronic diseases. The main objectives of the present study were to describe the patterns of fruit and vegetables intake among Umm Al-Qura University students, and to identify the epidemiological factors associated with low level of consumption of FV. Subjects and methods: A cross- sectional study was carried among 703 students of Umm Al- Qura University (109 males, 594females) based on self-administered questionnaire composed of: demographic- socio- economic data, anthropometric measurements, physical activities, medical history (of the students and their parents) and dietary assessment including: 24hr recall to assess FV consumption. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS V 16). Result: About 13.8% of males and 38.6% of females consume FV greater than or equal to five serving a day, indicating a gap of approximately 25 % between the males and females. Also, the parents' educational level was affecting positively the consumption of FV. Low FV consumption tended to decrease with low monthly income. Conclusions: Factors associated with higher level of intake of FV were female gender, higher educational level, and higher monthly income.
39. Alayat MS, Elsodany AM, El Fiky AA (2014). ‘Efficacy of high and low level laser therapy in the treatment of Bell's palsy: A randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial.’ Lasers Med Sci; 29: 335-42.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10103-013-1352-z
(Physiotherapy)
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of high intensity laser therapy (HILT) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the treatment of patients with Bell's palsy. Forty-eight patients participated in and completed this study. The mean age was 43 ± 9.8 years. They were randomly assigned into three groups: HILT group, LLLT group, and exercise group. All patients were treated with facial massage and exercises, but the HILT and LLLT groups received the respective laser therapy. The grade of facial recovery was assessed by the facial disability scale (FDI) and the House-Brackmann scale (HBS). Evaluation was carried out 3 and 6 weeks after treatment for all patients. Laser treatments included eight points on the affected side of the face three times a week for 6 successive weeks. FDI and HBS were used to assess the grade of recovery. The scores of both FDI and HBS were taken before as well as 3 and 6 weeks after treatment. The Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to compare the FDI and HBS scores within each group. The result showed that both HILT and LLLT significantly improved the recovery of patients with Bell's palsy. Moreover, HILT was the most effective treatment modality compared to LLLT and massage with exercises. Thus, both HILT and LLLT are effective physical therapy modalities for the recovery of patients with Bell's palsy, with HILT showing a slightly greater improvement than LLLT.
40. Helal OF, Alayat MS, El Fiky AA, Shousha TM (2013). ‘Impact of a Single Bout of High-Intensity Arm Ergometer Exercise on Ventilatory Function.’ Jokull; 63:339-56.
http://jokulljournal.com/coredoux/index.php/jTracker/index/KbSIP
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: Although a large body of evidence exists on the effect of long term exercise training program on pulmonary function, much less attention has been dedicated to investigating the acute effect of short term exercise program on improving the ventilatory function. Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of short term high intensity aerobic exercise on lung function in adults to start first step in establishing an evidence based exercise program designed for chest patients who can only be supervised in short term hospitalization phase. Methods: A pre-post test study design was carried out on thirty healthy men students with their mean age 21.7 ± 1.26 who were enrolled in this study. Every student performed a 20-minute high-intensity monitored stationary arm Ergometer exercise and ventilatory function tests was performed in order to measure forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at the end of the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio and peak expiratory flow rate PEFR before and after the exercise. Results: The result showed significant increase in the mean value of FEV1, and a non-significant difference in the mean values of (FVC), FEV1/FVC and PEFR. Conclusion: A single high intensity arm Ergometer exercise sitting has a significant effect on improving forced expiratory volume in the normal adult.
41. Helal OF, Mohamed AA and Alayat MSM (2013). ‘Change in the great saphenous vein diameter in response to contrast baths and exercise: a randomized clinical trial.’ Journal of American Science; 9:476-483.
http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0903/071_16810am0903_476_483.pdf
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of contrast baths on varicose vein and to compare its effect with that of calf muscle exercises on the improvement of varicose vein. A randomized clinical trial was performed on 70 patients with varicose vein of the lower limb. Their age was (40-50) years. Patients were randomly divided into three groups; Group (1) (30 patients) used a contrast bath and compression stocking. Group (2) (30 patients) performed pedal ergometer exercise and the compression stocking. Group (3) (10 patients) used compression stocking. Venous Duplex ultrasound scanning was conducted for evaluating the cross-section of great saphenous vein (CsGSV) at the knee and ankle levels. There was significant reduction in the mean value of CsGSV at the ankle and knee levels in group one and two with non-significant difference in group three. The result revealed a non-significant difference between contrast baths and pedal ergometer exercise groups. Both contrast baths and strengthening exercise to calf muscle are effective methods in the treatment of varicose veins.
42. Thabet AA, Alayat MS, Ali MMI, Helal OF (2013). ‘High Intensity Laser Versus low Intensity Laser Therapy in Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.’ Energy for Health; 10: 16-21.
http://erepository.cu.edu.eg/index.php/BFPTH/article/view/455
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: It is estimated that 30%-50% of women will suffer an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime. Laser therapy has a positive effect on bone regeneration and healing that is dependent on the characteristics of the light itself (e.g. intensity and wavelength). Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the possible effect of High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) versus Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: Thirty postmenopausal osteoporotic women participated in the study and were randomly divided in two groups. Group I consisted of 15 women receiving HILT, Group II consisted of 15 women receiving LLLT. Both groups have been exposed to three sessions of treatment per week for six successive weeks. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of lumbar spine (L1.-5) was measured by Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Evaluation of lumbar BMD was performed before and after the end of the six weeks of treatment. Results: Comparing mean values before and after treatment, the BMD measures showed that both groups had a statistically significant improvement after laser therapy. Comparing the two groups, the improvement showed by BMD was higher in Group I (HILT) than in Group II (LLLT). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Laser can be an effective method for the management of osteoporosis and improvement of BMD in postmenopausal women. On the basis of the findings of this study, HILT results more effective than LLLT.
43. Mahran HG, Helal OF and El Fiky AA (2013). ‘Effect of Mechanical Vibration Therapy on Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcer.’ Journal of American Science; 9:76-87.
http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0907/008_18869am0907_76_87.pdf
(Physiotherapy Department)
ABSTRACT
Diabetic foot complications are the most common cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations in the industrialized world. The risk of lower extremity amputation is higher in diabetics than in persons who do not have diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, foot complications are the most frequent reason for hospitalization in patients with diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is the impact of diabetes on the nervous system, most commonly causing numbness, tingling and pain in the feet and also increasing the risk of skin damage due to altered sensation. Together with vascular disease in the legs, neuropathy contributes to the risk of diabetes-related foot problems (such as diabetic foot ulcers) that can be difficult to treat and occasionally require amputation. Early detection and appropriate treatment of these ulcers may prevent up to 85 percent of amputations. Purpose: To detect the effect of low mechanical vibration on healing of diabetic foot ulcer. Methods: Twenty nine diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes (21 males and 8 females) suffer from diabetic ischemic foot ulcer (grade A1) will be divided into 2 groups; 1st study group received low mechanical vibration for 15 minutes for session, 3session/day, 5day/week for 4 weeks and control group received no treatment. Assessment of wound size (length, width and area) by Visitrak device for both groups was done 3 times as follow; 1st assessment done before assessment, the 2nd assessment was done 2 weeks after the beginning of treatment and the 3rd assessment was done 4 weeks after beginning of treatment. Results: In study group; there was significant difference between pre- treatment mean value of ulcer area and two weeks post- treatment mean value of ulcer area as p value 0.019, there was significant difference between two weeks mean value of ulcer area and four weeks post- treatment mean value of ulcer area as p value 0.014, and there was significant differences between pre- treatment mean value of ulcer area and four weeks post- treatment mean value of ulcer area as p value .032. Between groups; there was significant difference between the study and control groups in mean value of ulcer areas after two weeks of treatment as p value 0.014, and there was highly significant difference between the study and control groups in mean value of ulcer area after four weeks of treatment p value 0.008. Conclusion: It can be concluded that low mechanical vibration may improve healing of diabetic foot ulcer.
44. Ismail MMM and Moneer MM (2013). ‘Does HOXA9 Gene Expression in Egyptian Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients Affect Disease Progression? A Retrospective Cohort Study.’ Turkish Journal of Hematology; 30: 359.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3874969/
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Objective: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal stem cell disease and is consistently associated with the BCR-ABL fusion gene. The chronic phase of the disease tends to pass into an accelerated phase and eventually leads to acute leukemia if left untreated. Oncoproteins necessary for leukemic transformation are both fundamentally and clinically relevant to identify as they might be new molecular targets for the development of specific anti-leukemic drugs. This study is an initial step to define the proportion of HOXA9 gene expression in some Egyptians with chronic-phase CML at diagnosis and to evaluate its relation with BCR-ABL expression and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two newly diagnosed CML patients (56 in chronic phase, 1 in accelerated phase, and 5 in blastic crises) were enrolled in the study. HOXA9 and BCR-ABL gene expressions were detected by one-step RT-PCR. ABL was chosen as a control gene to calculate HOXA9/ABL and BCR-ABL/ABL ratios from densitometric values of PCR product intensities. Results: HOXA9 expression was encountered in 25/56 (44.6%) of newly diagnosed CML patients in the chronic phase. The median expression was 0.31 (range: 0.08-1.37) in relation to the ABL gene, with a higher frequency of expression in CML patients presenting with splenomegaly (p<0.001), high Sokal score (p<0.001), and BCR-ABL expression from the first round (p=0.004). No association could be detected with other clinical parameters, overall survival, or disease-free survival. Conclusion: HOXA9 expression is closely related to poor prognostic factors, but we could not demonstrate its relationship to patient survival.
45. Abdulateef NAB, Ismail MM, and Aljedani H (2014). ‘Clinical Significance of Co-expression of Aberrant Antigens in Acute Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Makah Al Mukaramah, Saudi Arabia.’ Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention; 15: 221-227.
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: Aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia have variable frequency and their prognostic and predictive relevance is controversial, despite several reports of clinical significance. Aims: To determine the prevalence of aberrant antigen expression in acute leukemia, assess clinical relevance and demonstrate immunophenotype-karyotype correlations. Materials and methods: A total of 73 (40 AML and 33 ALL) newly diagnosed acute leukemia cases presenting to KAMC, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were included. Diagnosis was based on WHO criteria and FAB classification. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, conventional karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization for gene rearrangements were performed. Results: Aberrant antigens were detected in 27/40 (67.5%) of AML and in 14/33 (42.4%) in ALL cases. There were statistically significant higher TLC in Ly+ AML than in Ly-AML (p=0.05) and significant higher blast count in ALL with aberrant antigens at presentation and day 14 (p=0.005, 0.046). There was no significant relation to clinical response, relapse free survival (RFS) or overall survival (p>0.05), but AML cases expressing ≥2 Ly antigens showed a lower median RFS than those expressing a single Ly antigen. In AML, CD 56 was expressed in 11/40. CD7 was expressed in 7/40, having a significant relation with an unfavorable cytogenetic pattern (p=0.046). CD4 was expressed in 5/40. CD19 was detected in 4/40 AML associated with M2 and t (8; 21). In ALL cases, CD33 was expressed in 7/33 and CD13 in 5/33. Regarding T Ag in B-ALL CD2 was expressed in 2 cases and CD56 in 3 cases. Conclusions: Aberrant antigen expression may be associated with adverse clinical data at presentation. AML cases expressing ≥2 Ly antigens may have shorter median RFS. No specific cytogenetic pattern is associated with aberrant antigen expression but individual antigens may be related to particular cytogenetic patterns. Immunophenotype-karyotype correlations need larger studies for confirmation.
46. Mohamed A, Ahmed M, Zaglool D, and Ahmed S (2014). ‘Molecular Evaluation of Conventional Microscopic Method Versus Fecal Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Rapid Immunochromatographic Assay for Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium Infection.’ Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice; 23: 26.
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: Cryptosporidium has emerged as an important cause of diarrheal illness worldwide, especially among young children and patients with immune deficiencies. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of Cryptosporidium infection among suspected versus non-suspected patients and to evaluate the performances of conventional microscopic assay, Cryptosporidium antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CAD-ELISA), Crypto-Antigen Rapid Test (CA-RT), for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection using Cryptosporidium-specific polymerase chain reaction (CS-PCR) as criterion standard test. Methods: A total of 181 diarrheic stool samples including 105 from suspected patients and 76 from non-suspected ones were collected. Results: The results revealed higher rate of infection among suspected patients (25% among diarrheic children, 24.2% among elderly/immune suppressed patients) as compared with non-suspected patients (6.6% among immune-competent apparently healthy adults). Furthermore, conventional microscopic assay exhibited higher sensitivity (83.3%) as compared with CAD-ELISA (75%) and CA-RT (45.8%). On the other hand, higher specificity was shown for CA-RT (99.4%) and CAD-ELISA (98.7%) as compared with conventional assay (92.9%). Meanwhile, CA-RT and CAD-ELISA showed higher positive predictive values (91.7%, 90%) and lower negative predictive values (92.3%, 96.9%) than conventional assay (64.5%, 97.3%). Conclusions: No single test is perfect for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, and it is worth mentioning that a significant percentage of Cryptosporidium infections would have been missed if any of these assays had been the sole method of diagnosis. It is suggested to include an antigen detection immunoassay, preferably ELISA, in addition to microscopy for better diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection.
47. Shalaby and Morsy HK (2014). ‘Differential and Combined Effects of Simvastatin and Vildagliptin on Angiogenic Markers and Oxidative Stress in Hind Limb Model of Ischemia in Diabetic Rats.’ British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research; 4:587-5603.
http://sciencedomain.org/abstract/5698
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Background: This study investigated the potential therapeutic effect of simvastatin and vildagliptin and their combination on angiogenesis in diabetic hind-limb ischemia. Methods: 60 Sprague-dawely rats were divided into 5 groups, group A (normal control), group B (diabetic ischemic control), group C (simvastatin treated diabetic ischemic group), group D (vildagliptin treated diabetic ischemic group) and group E (combined sim. + vild. diabetic ischemic group). Parameters of angiogenesis as well as oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Results: Increased capillary density in ischemic gastrocnemius tissue of diabetic rats treated with either simvastatin or vildagliptin with marked increase in its combination. This effect was accompanied by up-regulated plasma levels of HO-1, nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and expression of HIF-1 alpha levels. Tissue SOD and Catalase enzymes activities were normalized in groups treated with simvastatin or their combination with vildagliptin with concomitant decrease of lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: Both vildagliptin and simvastatin has antioxidant and angiogenic effects and their combination could be a promising strategy in the management of diabetes associated peripheral arterial.
48. Refaat B, El-Shemi A, Ebeid A, Ashshi A, and Basalamah M (2014). ‘Islamic Wet Cupping and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects on Blood Pressure, Metabolic Profile and Serum Electrolytes in Healthy Young Adult Men.’ Alternative & Integrative Medicine; 3: 151.
(Laboratory Medicine & Physiotherapy Departments)
ABSTRACT
Background: Wet cupping (Hejamah) has been used as alternative treatment for several diseases. Objectives: To measure the effects of hejamah treatment for 2 consecutive months in healthy young adult men on blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, serum sodium and potassium. Materials and methods: 16 participants were treated with hejamah for 2 consecutive months. Blood pressure was measure before and 30 minutes after the treatment. Blood samples were collected from all participants before and 48 hours after hejamah and all participants were fasting for 12 hours before sample collection. Results: Fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased before the treatment in the second month only. The levels of serum triglycerides significantly decreased after the first treatment and remained low in the 2nd month. There was no significant difference between the different time points in total cholesterol except for the 48 hours of the second month compared to the samples collected before the procedure of the same month. There was a significant decrease in LDL and significant increase in HDL following hejamah therapy (P<0.05). Significant decrease in sodium and significant increase in potassium 48 hours following treatment with hejamah was observed in the 2 months (P<0.05). Conclusions: The performance of hejamah during fasting state could represent a useful complementary method for the regulation of diastolic blood pressure and prevention/treatment of risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases. Further studies are required to explore the role of hejamah in controlling blood pressure and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
49. Refaat B, El-Shemi AG, Ashshi AM, and AlZanbagi A (2014). ‘Serum Activins and Follistatin during the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Genotypes 1 and 4 and Their Correlations with Viral Load and Liver Enzymes: A Preliminary Report.’ Gastroenterology research and practice; 2014.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/grp/2014/628683/
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
Aims: To measure the effect of pegylated interferon- α therapy on serum activin-A, activin-B, and follistatin and their correlation with viral load and liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methods: This study was cross-sectional and sera were collected from 165 participants classified into 7 groups: 40 healthy negative control, 33 treatment naïve patients as positive control, 19 patients at week 4, 22 at week 12, and 19 at week 24 of treatment initiation and 21 responders and 11 non-responders at the end of 48-week treatment protocol. Serum candidate proteins were measured using ELISA and liver fibrosis was assessed by AST platelet ratio index (APRI). Results: CHC significantly increased activins and decreased follistatin compared to negative control (P < 0.05). Activin-A and follistatin levels returned to the levels of negative control group at weeks 4, 12, and 24 following treatment initiation and were significantly different from positive control (P < 0.05). Both proteins were significantly different between responders and non-responders. Activin-A correlated positively and significantly with the viral load and APRI. Conclusion: CHC modulates serum activin-A and follistatin and they appear to be influenced by pegylated interferon- α therapy. Further studies are needed to explore the role of activins in CHC.
50. Refaat B, Ashshi AM, El-Shemi AG, and AlZanbagi A (2014). ‘Effects of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 and 4 on serum activins and follistatin in treatment naïve patients and their correlations with interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, viral load and liver damage.’ Clinical and Experimental Medicine;1-10.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10238-014-0297-2
(Laboratory Medicine Department)
ABSTRACT
The importance of activins and follistatin in liver diseases has recently emerged. The aim of the present study was to measure the influence of chronic infection with viral hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 1 and 4 on serum levels of activin-A, activin-B and follistatin, and to determine their correlations with viral load, liver damage, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Sera samples collected from 20 male and 20 female treatment naïve CHC genotype 1 and 4 Saudi patients (ten males and ten females for each genotype), and 40 gender- and age-matched healthy participants were analysed for activin-A, activin-B and follistatin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and their levels were correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, viral load and AST platelet ratio index (APRI). Serum activin-A, activin-B, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased, while serum follistatin was significantly decreased, in both genders of CHC patients compared with control subjects, In both viral genotypes, activin-A was strongly and positively correlated with the viral load, APRI, IL-6 and TNF-α, and negatively with albumin (P < 0.01). Activin-B showed the same correlations of activin-A only in CHC genotype 1 patients, but it was weaker than activin-A. No correlation was detected with follistatin. Serum activins, particularly activin-A, and follistatin are significantly altered by CHC genotype 1 and 4. This dysregulation of activins/follistatin axis may be associated with viral replication, host immune response and liver injury. Further studies are needed to illustrate the definite role(s) and clinical value of activins and follistatin in CHC.
51. Saleh HA, Ramadan R, Ghazzawi G, Kalantan N, Mounshi B, Fatani K and Obied T (2014). ‘Patient Shared Decision Making: Physicians’ and Patients’ Perspective.’ Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol; 22: 10-17.
(Health Management Department)
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was assessing the perspective of patients and physicians toward patient shared decision making using a cross sectional analytic approach where Self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data from 68 physicians and structured interview of 406 patients.
